| Total | Women | Men | Test of sex difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total N (row %) | 940 | 452 (48Â %) | 488 (52Â %) | Â |
Parental social class N (col %) |  |  |  | p = 0.332 |
 Upper class | 97 (10 %) | 44 (10 %) | 53 (11 %) |  |
 Middle class | 513 (55 %) | 258 (57 %) | 255 (52 %) |  |
 Working class | 330 (35 %) | 150 (33 %) | 180 (37 %) |  |
Unemployment in the family, N (%) | 173 (18 %) | 78 (17 %) | 95 (20 %) | p = 0.400 |
Parental mental health or alcohol problems, N (%) | 70 (7 %) | 40 (9 %) | 30 (6 %) | p = 0.136 |
Parental interest in offspring’s studies, N (col %) |  |  |  | p = 0.940 |
 Probably very large | 395 (42 %) | 186 (41 %) | 209 (43 %) |  |
 Probably large | 341 (36 %) | 169 (37 %) | 172 (35 %) |  |
 Probably neither particularly large nor particularly small | 144 (15 %) | 69 (15 %) | 75 (15 %) |  |
 Probably small | 43 (5 %) | 21 (5 %) | 22 (4 %) |  |
 Probably very small | 17 (2 %) | 7 (2 %) | 10 (2 %) |  |
Help with homework assignment possible, N (col %) |  |  |  | p = 0.115 |
 Yes, always | 282 (30 %) | 144 (32 %) | 138 (28 %) |  |
 Yes, often | 256 (27 %) | 118 (26 %) | 138 (28 %) |  |
 Sometimes | 271 (29 %) | 134 (30 %) | 137 (28 %) |  |
 No, seldom | 80 (8 %) | 40 (9 %) | 40 (8 %) |  |
 No, never | 51 (5 %) | 16 (4 %) | 35 (7 %) |  |
Mean grades on leaving compulsory school, mean (SD) | 3.10 (0.75) | 3.26 (0.73) | 2.96 (0.76) | p < 0.0001 |
 Average or below (≤3.0), N (col %) | 407 (43 %) | 170 (38 %) | 237 (49 %) | p < 0.0001 |
 Above average (>3.0) | 533 (57 %) | 282 (62 %) | 251 (51 %) |  |
Latent trajectory of internalised mental health, N (col %) |  |  |  | p < 0.0001 |
 Very low stable | 254 (27 %) | 61 (14 %) | 193 (40 %) |  |
 Low stable | 525 (56 %) | 275 (61 %) | 250 (51 %) |  |
 Increasing | 77 (8 %) | 51 (11 %) | 26 (5 %) |  |
 Moderate stable | 54 (6 %) | 41 (9 %) | 13 (3 %) |  |
 High decreasing | 30 (3 %) | 24 (5 %) | 6 (1 %) |  |
Internalised mental health symptoms, mean (SD) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 At age 16 | 1.14 (1.39) | 1.53 (1.62) | 0.77 (0.99) | p < 0.0001 |
 At age 18 | 1.44 (1.84) | 2.03 (2.06) | 0.89 (1.40) | p < 0.0001 |
 At age 21 | 1.22 (1.71) | 1.50 (1.89) | 0.96 (1.47) | p < 0.0001 |
 At age 30 | 1.47 (2.13) | 1.82 (2.33) | 1.15 (1.88) | p < 0.0001 |
 At age 43 | 1.52 (2.30) | 1.90 (2.53) | 1.14 (2.00) | p < 0.0001 |