Why are older adults and individuals with underlying chronic diseases in Germany not vaccinated against flu? A population-based study

Table 4 Factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake in people aged 18–59 years with underlying chronic diseases, Germany, 2013/14 influenza season

	Vaccination coverage %^{a, b}	Univariate OR (95 % CI)^{a, b}	Multivariable OR (95 % CI)^{a, c}
Sex
Female	27.4	1.80 (0.81–4.02)	4.07 (1.50–11.03)
Male	17.3	Ref.	Ref.
Place of residence
Eastern Federal States	33.2	2.18 (0.92–5.17)	NS
Western Federal States	18.6	Ref.	NS
Age
18–39 years	18.4	NS	NS
40–59 years	24.7	NS	NS
Education level
Low	24.2	NS	NS
Middle	24.6
High	19.1
Vaccination cannot cause influenza infection
Agreed	27.9	1.82 (0.82–4.08)	NS
Disagreed	17.5	Ref.	NS
Coughing or sneezing inside of the elbow can reduce the risk of influenza infection
Agreed	26.0	2.18 (0.95–4.97)	NS
Disagreed	13.9	Ref.	NS
Perceived probability of getting infected with influenza when not immunized	−	1.28 (1.07–1.53)	NS
Perceived severity of influenza when not immunized	−	1.58 (1.18–2.13)	1.40 (1.07–1.85)
Perceived vaccination effectiveness	−	1.39 (1.19–1.62)	1.25 (1.03–1.52)
Perceived severity of side effects following vaccination	−	0.75 (0.63–0.89)	0.71 (0.57–0.88)
Perceived probability of severe side effects following vaccination	−	0.70 (0.55–0.89)	NS

Other nonsignificant variables in univariate analysis (p > 0.1) were: migration, being advised of the influenza vaccine through physician consultation in the last 6 months, and items focusing on influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge
^aWeighted data; ^bIncluded participants with information on relevant item; ^cIncluded n = 166 participants with complete information on all items; NS not significant, Ref. reference category

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