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Table 4 Factors influencing the awareness of the population regarding medicines risks: ‘unaware’ vs ‘aware’. Results of univariate and multivariate analysis

From: Population awareness of risks related to medicinal product use in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study for public health improvement in low and middle income countries

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Variables

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

p-value

Age group (years)

 

0.10

 

0.11

≤40

1

 

1

 

[40–50]

0.9 (0.4–2.0)

 

0.8 (0.3–2.0)

 

>50

2.3 (0.9–5.5)

 

2.3 (0.8–6.7)

 

Gender

 

0.21

  

Male

1

   

Female

1.6 (0.8–3.5)

   

Status in the household

 

0.72

  

Head of household

1

   

Husband/spouse of the head of household

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

   

Other

0.7 (0.2–1.9)

   

Occupation

 

0.10

  

In employment (except farmer)

1

   

Housekeeper

1.5 (0.7–3.5)

   

Farmer

2.7 (1.1–7.1)

   

Religion

 

0.99

  

Buddhism

1

   

Animism

N/A

   

Monthly household income (Lao Kip)

 

0.11

 

0.06

>1,000,000

1

 

1

 

≤1,000,000

2.1 (0.8–5.4)

 

2.8 (1.0–8.1)

 

Level of education

 

0.02

 

0.56

Secondary or higher

1

 

1

 

Primary school or no education

2.3 (1.2–4.7)

 

1.3 (0.6–2.9)

 

Ability to read

 

0.58

  

Yes

1

   

No

1.5 (0.4–6.0)

   

Access to internet

 

0.08

 

0.22

Yes

1

 

1

 

No

2.9 (0.9–9.2)

 

2.3 (0.6–8.5)

 

District

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

Xaysetha

1

 

1

 

Sikhottabong

2.2 (0.9–5.6)

 

1.7 (0.6–4.8)

 

Naxaithong

3.1 (1.2–8.2)

 

3.3 (1.1–9.4)

 

Sangthong

7.9 (2.6–23.7)

 

7.5 (2.3–24.2)

 
  1. OR, odds-ratio; CI, confidence interval
  2. The occupation factor was not included in the multivariate model because of its strong collinearity with the district localization