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Table 1 Fixed effects logistic regression models predicting whether child’s mother reported water consumption (yes = 1) in the last 24 h, living children 6–59 months, NFHS-3

From: What do Indian children drink when they do not receive water? Statistical analysis of water and alternative beverage consumption from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey

 

Child characteristics

Parental characteristics

HH characteristics

Water source

WHO/UNICEF water source

 

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Male

1.09

[0.98,1.20]

1.08

[0.98,1.20]

1.08

[0.97,1.19]

1.07

[0.97,1.19]

1.08

[0.97,1.19]

Child’s age in months

          

 48–59 months (ref)

          

 24–47 months

1.13

[0.99,1.29]

1.12

[0.98,1.29]

1.12

[0.98,1.28]

1.12

[0.97,1.28]

1.12

[0.98,1.28]

 6–23 months

1.64***

[1.42,1.89]

1.68***

[1.45,1.94]

1.68***

[1.45,1.94]

1.68***

[1.45,1.94]

1.68***

[1.45,1.94]

Child had diarrhoea recently

1.20

[1.00,1.44]

1.22*

[1.01,1.46]

1.22*

[1.02,1.47]

1.22*

[1.01,1.47]

1.22*

[1.02,1.47]

Mother’s age in years

  

1.05***

[1.03,1.06]

1.05***

[1.03,1.06]

1.05***

[1.03,1.06]

1.05***

[1.03,1.06]

Mother’s education

          

 No schooling (ref)

          

 Primary school

  

1.02

[0.88,1.18]

0.96

[0.83,1.12]

0.95

[0.82,1.10]

0.96

[0.83,1.12]

 Secondary school

  

1.57***

[1.39,1.79]

1.38***

[1.20,1.58]

1.34***

[1.16,1.54]

1.38***

[1.20,1.58]

 Higher than secondary

  

2.01***

[1.48,2.72]

1.61**

[1.17,2.21]

1.56**

[1.13,2.15]

1.61**

[1.17,2.21]

Religion of HH head

          

 Hindu (ref)

          

 Muslim

  

0.85*

[0.73,0.98]

0.83*

[0.71,0.96]

0.84*

[0.72,0.98]

0.83*

[0.71,0.96]

 Christian

  

0.86

[0.64,1.15]

0.82

[0.61,1.10]

0.84

[0.62,1.13]

0.82

[0.61,1.10]

 Other religion

  

1.53*

[1.10,2.13]

1.47*

[1.06,2.04]

1.44*

[1.03,2.00]

1.47*

[1.06,2.04]

Caste

          

 No or other caste/tribe (ref)

          

 Scheduled caste

  

0.87

[0.74,1.02]

0.90

[0.76,1.05]

0.89

[0.76,1.05]

0.90

[0.76,1.05]

 Scheduled tribe

  

0.77**

[0.64,0.92]

0.83

[0.69,1.01]

0.84

[0.69,1.01]

0.83

[0.69,1.01]

 Other backward class

  

1.06

[0.93,1.22]

1.08

[0.94,1.24]

1.09

[0.95,1.25]

1.08

[0.94,1.24]

Place of residence

          

 Urban, non-slum (ref)

          

 Urban, slum

    

0.92

[0.68,1.23]

0.85

[0.63,1.15]

0.92

[0.68,1.23]

 Rural

    

0.85*

[0.74,0.97]

0.93

[0.81,1.08]

0.85*

[0.74,0.97]

Deprived household

    

0.81***

[0.71,0.91]

0.84**

[0.74,0.96]

0.81***

[0.71,0.91]

Source of water for household

          

 Bottled, piped, or tanker water (ref)

          

 Well water

      

0.75***

[0.64,0.89]

  

 Public tap

      

0.99

[0.81,1.21]

  

 River, spring, or rain water

      

0.70*

[0.53,0.92]

  

WHO/UNICEF improved water source

          

 Unimproved water source

          

 Improved water source

        

1.00

[0.87,1.15]

Mother’s ID (fixed effects)

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

1.00

[1.00,1.00]

Observations

29504

 

29504

 

29504

 

29504

 

29504

 
  1. *p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.001