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Table 3 Significant risk factors of having diarrhoea

From: Current knowledge, attitude and behaviour of hand and food hygiene in a developed residential community of Singapore: a cross-sectional survey

 

Diarrhoea#

         

Variables

None

N = 180

%

Yes

N = 60

%

p-value^

Crude

OR

p-value

95 % CI Range

Adjusted

OR+

p-value

95 % CI Range

Median Age

43

 

36

 

0.0188

0.98

0.0204

0.96

1.00

0.99

0.4421

0.97

1.01

(Interquartile Range)

(33–55)

 

(29–45.25)

          

Marital Status

             

Married

145

80.6

39

65.0

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Single

35

19.4

21

35.0

0.0211

2.23

0.0150

1.16

4.25

2.29

0.0154

1.16

4.48

Ethnic Group

             

Chinese

117

65.0

42

70.0

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Malay

19

10.6

11

18.3

 

1.61

0.2544

0.69

3.63

1.53

0.3276

0.64

3.58

Indian

29

16.1

3

5.0

 

0.29

0.0492

0.07

0.87

0.31

0.0727

0.07

0.98

Others

15

8.3

4

6.7

0.0711

0.74

0.6149

0.20

2.18

0.69

0.5509

0.18

2.15

Flu #

             

No

137

76.1

30

50.0

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Yes

43

23.9

30

50.0

0.0003

3.19

0.0002

1.73

5.90

3.24

0.0002

1.74

6.06

Q4H

             

None

20

11.1

12

20.0

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Water only

62

34.4

12

20.0

 

0.32

0.0190

0.12

0.83

0.30

0.0194

0.11

0.82

Water and Soap

98

54.4

36

60.0

0.0495

0.61

0.2359

0.27

1.41

0.56

0.1917

0.24

1.36

Q4I

             

None

12

6.7

14

23.3

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Water only

57

31.7

10

16.7

 

0.15

0.0003

0.05

0.41

0.16

0.0008

0.05

0.45

Water and Soap

111

61.7

36

60.0

0.0009

0.28

0.0034

0.12

0.65

0.29

0.0077

0.12

0.72

Q4M

             

<30 sec

89

49.4

40

66.7

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

30 sec – 60 sec

63

35.0

12

20.0

 

0.42

0.0197

0.20

0.85

0.44

0.0302

0.20

0.90

>60 sec

28

15.6

8

13.3

0.0543

0.64

0.3074

0.25

1.46

0.81

0.6472

0.31

1.95

Q16

             

No

0

0.0

4

6.7

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Yes

180

100.0

56

93.3

0.0036

0.01

<0.0001

0.00

6487.54

0.01

<0.0001

0.00

2979.95

Q20*

             

0

106

58.9

45

75.0

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

1

74

41.1

15

25.0

0.0305

0.48

0.0271

0.24

0.90

0.52

0.0606

0.26

1.01

Q21*

             

0

99

55.0

41

68.3

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

1

54

30.0

16

26.7

 

0.72

0.3245

0.36

1.37

0.69

0.2974

0.33

1.37

2

27

15.0

3

5.0

0.0682

0.27

0.0387

0.06

0.81

0.26

0.0393

0.06

0.82

Q23

             

Visit a GP

95

52.8

23

38.3

 

1.00

   

1.00

   

Self-medicate

61

33.9

28

46.7

 

1.90

0.0496

1.00

3.62

2.07

0.0346

1.06

4.12

Visit Hospital

6

3.3

1

1.7

 

0.69

0.7354

0.04

4.31

0.45

0.4796

0.02

3.03

Visit Polyclinic

18

10.0

8

13.3

0.1836

1.84

0.2098

0.68

4.65

1.81

0.2570

0.63

4.94

  1. CI = Confidence interval, OR = Odds ratio
  2. ^- Fisher Exact’s Test
  3. *Each variable in these questions were given a score. Question 20 follows the same scoring as the previous question. Question 21: a score of 1 was given for each method of giving feedback
  4. + Age, marital status and having flu over the last 6 months were used to calculate the adjusted OR in the multivariate logistic regression model
  5. # Participants who self-reported having at least one episode of diarrhoea or flu, respectively, in the past six months