Diarrhoea and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from Bangladesh

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate associations between smoking and severity of diarrhoeal disease

Characteristics	Unadjusted. OR (95 % CI), p	Model 1; OR (95 % CI), p	Model 2; OR (95 % CI), p	Model 3; OR (95 % CI), p	Model 4; OR (95 % CI), p	Model 5; OR (95 % CI) p
Smoking	0.92 (0.85-0.99) 0.035	0.95 (0.88-1.03) 0.239	0.89 (0.83-0.96) 0.004	0.92 (0.85-0.99) 0.025	0.89 (0.83-0.96) 0.004	0.92 (0.85-0.99) 0.025
Age	-
15–30 years	1	1	1	1	1	1
Above 30 years	0.86 (0.79-0.95) 0.002	0.83 (0.78-0.89) <0.001	0.81 (0.76-0.87) <0.001	0.92 (0.85-0.99) 0.024	0.82 (0.76-0.88) <0.001	0.92 (0.85-0.99) 0.020
Wealth quintile	-	-
1^st (rich)	1	-	1	1	1	1
2^nd (upper middle)	1.27 (1.12-1.44) <0.001	-	1.24 (1.11-1.38) <0.001	1.20 (1.08-1.35) 0.001	1.24 (1.11-1.39) <0.001	1.21 (1.08-1.35) 0.001
3^rd (middle)	1.60 (1.40-1.83) <0.001	-	1.40 (1.25-1.56) <0.001	1.31 (1.17-1.47) <0.001	1.41 (1.26-1.57) <0.001	1.32 (1.18-1.47) <0.001
4^th (lower middle)	2.01 (1.75-2.30) <0.001	-	1.37 (1.22-1.54) <0.001	1.37 (1.22-1.54) <0.001	1.40 (1.25-1.57) <0.001	1.39 (1.24-1.56) <0.001
5^th (poor)	1.75 (1.52-2.00) <0.001	-	1.26 (1.12-1.43) <0.001	1.32 (1.67-1.50) <0.001	1.32 (1.17-1.49) <0.001	1.36 (1.20-1.54) <0.001
Illiterate	1.84 (6.12-6.81) <0.001	-	1.41 (1.29-1.52) <0.001	1.40 (1.29-1.51) <0.001	1.43 (1.30-1.52) <0.001	1.39 (1.28-1.51) <0.001
Vibrio cholerae	5.61 (4.72-6.65) <0.001	-	-	4.44 (4.05-4.86) <0.001	-	4.28 (3.90-4.69) <0.001
Shigella spp.	0.53 (0.45-0.61) <0.001	-	-	-	0.45 (0.40-0.52) <0.001	0.57 (0.50-0.66) <0.001

Only results for male subjects shown. Odds ratios (OR), 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) and p values, calculated using ordinal logistic regression, are shown for each model
Dependent variable: disease severity (0 = mild, 1 = moderately severe, 2 = severe, 3 = extremely severe)
Primary exposure: current smoker (0 = no, 1 = Yes)
Adjusting confounder/modifiers:
Model 1: Disease severity, Age (0 = 15–30 years)
Model 2: Model 1 + Wealth index (0 = rich), Illiteracy (0 = literacy)
Model 3: Model 2 + Vibrio cholerae (0 = no)
Model 4: Model 2 + Shigella spp. (0 = no)
Model 5: Model 1 + all variables

ISSN: 1471-2458