Table 2 Distribution of health information and non-pharmaceutical measures for confirmed outpatient cases and negative controls
From: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures in preventing pediatric influenza: a case–control study
Cases | Controls | Crude OR | P value | Adjusted ORa | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 239) | (n = 239) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | |||
Received information on influenza prevention | ||||||
No | 56 (23.6 %) | 51 (22.0 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 181 (76.4 %) | 181 (78.0 %) | 0.83 (0.48 – 1.44) | 0.51 | 0.72 (0.40 – 1.31) | 0.29 |
Frequency of daily hand washing | ||||||
1-4 times | 123 (52.3 %) | 107 (45.7 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
>5 times | 112 (47.7 %) | 127 (54.3 %) | 0.69 (0.45 – 1.04) | 0.07 | 0.62 (0.39 – 0.99) | 0.04 |
Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers | ||||||
Never | 158 (67.2 %) | 170 (72.3 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 77 (32.8 %) | 65 (27.7 %) | 1.36 (0.85 – 2.17) | 0.21 | 1.54 (0.8 – 2.66) | 0.13 |
Hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces | ||||||
Never | 50 (21.4 %) | 43 (18.3 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 184 (78.6 %) | 192 (81.7 %) | 0.73 (0.41 – 1.32) | 0.30 | 0.62 (0.29 – 1.31) | 0.21 |
Influenza vaccine | 2 (0.9 %) | 5 (2.2 %) | 0.44 (0.08 – 2.26) | 0.32 | 0.27 (0.02 – 1.28) | 0.09 |
Pneumococcal vaccine | 79 (35.9 %) | 69 (31.7 %) | 1.52 (0.85 – 2.70) | 0.15 | 1.47 (0.79 – 2.75) | 0.22 |