Table 1 Distribution of sociodemographic variables and underlying medical conditions for confirmed outpatient cases and controls
From: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures in preventing pediatric influenza: a case–control study
Cases | Controls | P value | Cases | Controls | Crude OR | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 239) | (n = 239) | (n = 239) | (n = 239) | (95 % CI) | ||||
Age. Mean (SD) | 5.4 ± 4.5 | 5.3 ± 4.6 | 0.48 | Pneumonia in previous 2 years | 23 (9.6 %) | 8 (3.3 %) | 3.23 (1.38 – 7.58) | 0.007 |
Age group | Asthma | 27 (11.3 %) | 13 (5.4 %) | 2.45 (1.17 – 5.14) | 0.02 | |||
0-4 | 134 (56.1 %) | 135 (56.5 %) | 0.29 | Renal failure or nephritic syndrome | 4 (1.7 %) | 2 (0.8 %) | 2.00 (0.37 – 10.92) | 0.42 |
5-17 | 205 (44.0 %) | 104 (43.5 %) | Diabetes | 1 (0.4 %) | 2 (0.8 %) | 0.50 (0.04 – 5.51) | 0.57 | |
Female | 101 (42.3 %) | 108 (45.2 %) | 0.49 | Disabling neurological disease | 8 (3.3 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | 2.67 (0.71 – 10.05) | 0.15 |
Ethnicity | Transplantation | 4 (1.7 %) | 1 (0.4 %) | 4.00 (0.45 – 35.79) | 0.21 | |||
White | 209 (88.9 %) | 218 (92.8 %) | 0.56 | Obesity | 2 (1.1 %) | 3 (1.6 %) | 0.01 (0 – 1239.59) | 0.44 |
Romany | 9 (3.8 %) | 5 (2.1 %) | Previous antibiotics | 31 (13.0 %) | 41 (17.2 %) | 0.67 (0.38 – 1.18) | 0.16 | |
Amerindian | 7 (3.0 %) | 6 (2.6 %) | Systemic corticosteroids | 10 (4.2 %) | 4 (1.7 %) | 3.20 (0.86 – 11.91) | 0.08 | |
Arab or North African | 6 (2.6 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | Inhaled corticosteroids | 21 (8.8 %) | 13 (5.4 %) | 1.73 (0.82 – 3.63) | 0.15 | |
Other | 4 (1.7 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | ≥1 risk factors | 47 (19.7 %) | 32 (13.4 %) | 1.67 (0.99 – 2.82) | 0.05 | |
Education level parents | ≥2 risk factors | 7 (2.9 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | 2.52 (0.65 – 9.81) | 0.18 | |||
Secondary or higher | 168 (74.3 %) | 160 (70.5 %) | 0.35 | |||||
Smoker parents | 87 (36.6 %) | 98 (41.4 %) | 0.36 | |||||