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Table 4 Model-standardized risks for intervenable variables on suicide attempts among trans people who have seriously considered suicide, Ontario, Canada (n = 110)

From: Intervenable factors associated with suicide risk in transgender persons: a respondent driven sampling study in Ontario, Canada

Potential intervention factor number RFa Model-standardized RRd Counterfactual population attributable risk (RF - R1)f Counterfactual population attributable risk proportion \( \frac{{\left({\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{F}}-{\mathrm{R}}_1\right)}^{\mathrm{g}}}{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{F}}} \)
R1b
R0c RR 95 % CIe
Social inclusion       
Social support 109 0.30     
 90th percentile (4.895)   0.08 0.18 (0.04, 0.73) 0.22 73 %
 10th percentile (1.947)   0.47 1.00 --   
Any strong parental support for genderh 99 0.31     
 Yes   0.10 0.29 (0.07, 1.24)   
 No   0.35 1.00 --   
Any strong family support for genderh 106 0.30     
 Yes   0.27 0.81 (0.41, 1.62)   
 No   0.33 1.00 --   
Any strong support from leadersh 72 0.34     
 Yes   0.58 5.24 (2.20, 12.46) −0.24 n/a
 No   0.11 1.00 --   
Any strong support from peersh 106 0.30     
 Yes   0.32 1.34 (0.43, 4.23)   
 No   0.24 1.00 --   
Religiosity or spirituality 109 0.30     
 90th percentile (5)   0.20 0.52 (0.12, 2.18)   
 10th percentile (1)   0.39 1.00 --   
Having ≥1 ID concordant with lived genderi 55 0.37     
 Yes   0.14 0.26 (0.11, 0.62) 0.23 62 %
 No   0.54 1.00 --   
Transphobia       
Transphobia scale 108 0.31     
 10th percentile (5)   0.11 0.24 (0.07, 0.82) 0.20 65 %
 90th percentile (23)   0.45 1.00 --   
Transphobic harassment and violence 110 0.32     
 None   0.18 0.30 (0.08, 1.16) 0.14 44 %
 Verbal harassment or threats   0.18 0.31 (0.11, 0.83)   
 Physical or sexual assault   0.59 1.00 --   
Transition       
Medical transition statusj 100 0.35     
 Completed   0.11 0.51 (0.07, 3.74) 0.24 69 %
 In process   0.65 2.91 (1.47, 5.76)   
 Planning, but not begun   0.22 1.00 --   
Current hormone usej 98 0.36     
 Yes   0.30 0.76 (0.41, 1.39)   
 No   0.40 1.00 --   
Social transition status 109 0.31     
 Full-time   0.45 5.30 (0.66, 42.68)   
 Part-time   0.21 2.53 (0.34, 18.60)   
 Not living in core gender   0.08 1.00 --   
Being socially seen as cisgenderi 56 0.36     
 Almost always or always   0.48 0.98 (0.58, 1.64)   
 About half time or often   0.14 0.28 (0.02, 3.26)   
 Rarely or never   0.49 1.00 --   
  1. Risks are standardized to sociodemographic factors, childhood trauma factors and major health-related background factors. These included: age, gender spectrum, gender fluidity, ethno-racial group, immigration history, sexual orientation, region of province, disability status, parental status, religious upbringing, childhood sexual or physical abuse, diagnosis with major mental health disorder (excluding depression or anxiety), and chronic illness or pain
  2. aRF = estimated risk of past-year suicidal ideation in the factual trans population of Ontario
  3. bR1 = model-standardized estimated risk of past-year suicidal ideation in the trans population of Ontario, under the same distribution of background factors, but where all members have a positive value of the potential intervention (e.g., high support, no transphobic violence)
  4. cR0 = model-standardized estimated risk of past-year suicidal ideation in the trans population of Ontario, under the same distribution of background factors, but where all members have a negative value of the potential intervention (e.g., low support, exposure to transphobic violence)
  5. dWill vary slightly from R1/R0 as are calculated as average of individual marginal risk ratios, rather than the ratio of model-standardized risks
  6. e95 % confidence intervals from Taylor series linearization methods in SUDAAN
  7. fCounterfactual population attributable risk = potential proportion of population protected from suicidal ideation by a hypothetical move from population levels of this factor to an intervention level
  8. gCounterfactual population attributable risk proportion = potential proportion of outcomes that could be averted under a change in exposure frequency
  9. hSupport variables include either indication of – or expectation of – strong support
  10. iamong those living full-time in a non-fluid gender (n = 57)
  11. jamong those reporting need to medically transition sex (n = 100)
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