|
n = 654
| |
Univariate cox -regression analysis
| | |
Multivariate cox-regression analysis
| |
|---|
|
Variables
|
HR
|
95 % CI
|
p
|
HR
|
95 % CI
|
p
|
|---|
|
Demographics
| | | | | | |
|
Age (30 vs. 50 years)
|
1.00
|
0.99-1.02
|
0.59
|
1.00
|
0.97-1.03
|
0.94
|
|
BMI (20 vs. 30)
|
0.45
|
0.35-0.85
|
0.02
|
0.60
|
0.40-0.80
|
0.03
|
|
Gender
| | | | | | |
|
Male
|
----
|
----
|
----
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Female
|
1.42
|
1.07-1.87
|
0.01
|
1.40
|
0.93-2.10
|
0.11
|
|
Civil status
| | | | | | |
|
Single)
|
----
|
----
|
----
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Married
|
0.97
|
0.64-1.46
|
0.88
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Divorced
|
0.78
|
0.44-1.39
|
0.46
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Widowed
|
1.40
|
0.46-4.17
|
0.55
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Education
| | | | | | |
|
University
|
----
|
----
|
----
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Apprenticeship
|
1.97
|
1.20-3.24
|
<0.01
|
2.60
|
1.60-5.50
|
<0.01
|
|
Basic education
|
3.02
|
1.60-5.36
|
<0.01
|
2.90
|
1.39-4.83
|
<0.01
|
|
Comorbidities
| | | | | | |
|
Arterial Hypertension
|
0.99
|
0.52-1.91
|
1.00
|
1.05
|
0.51-2.18
|
0.89
|
|
Coronary heart disease
|
0.34
|
0.12-0.95
|
0.02
|
0.21
|
0.07-0.62
|
<0.01
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
2.22
|
1.11-6.01
|
0.04
|
3.05
|
2.20-8.06
|
0.02
|
|
Malignancy
|
1.01
|
0.44-2.32
|
0.98
|
0.61
|
0.25-1.50
|
0.28
|
|
Epilepsy
|
1.08
|
0.78-1.86
|
0.78
|
1.42
|
0.5-1.32
|
0.45
|
|
Antidepressant medication
|
0.93
|
0.62-1.40
|
0.73
|
0.89
|
0.54-1.46
|
0.64
|
|
Psychiatric disorder
|
1.19
|
0.78-1.80
|
0.41
|
1.07
|
0.62-1.85
|
0.79
|
|
Satisfaction with Life (Qol), (points)
|
0.98
|
0.95-1.01
|
0.26
|
0.98
|
0.95-1.02
|
0.42
|
|
Respiratory Symptoms
| | | | | | |
|
Cough
|
1.02
|
0.99-1.04
|
0.18
|
1.00
|
0.90-1.08
|
0.42
|
|
Sputum
|
1.50
|
1.08-2.07
|
0.01
|
1.32
|
0.89-1.95
|
0.17
|
|
Wheezing
|
1.23
|
1.10-2.34
|
0.26
|
1.31
|
1.09-1.17
|
0.35
|
|
Breathlessness at rest
|
1.59
|
0.94-2.69
|
0.09
|
1.29
|
0.65-2.55
|
0.47
|
|
Breathlessness at exertion
|
1.04
|
0.78-1.37
|
0.80
|
0.93
|
0.66-1.30
|
0.66
|
|
Smoking related history
| | | | | | |
|
Number of cigarettes/day
| | | | | | |
|
0-10
|
0.56
|
0.34-0.93
|
0.02
|
0.53
|
0.27-0.63
|
0.04
|
|
21-30
|
0.90
|
0.64-1.27
|
0.55
|
0.74
|
0.48-1.14
|
0.18
|
|
>30
|
1.34
|
0.81-2.20
|
0.25
|
0.97
|
0.48-1.96
|
0.94
|
|
FTND (6 vs. 3 points)
|
1.09
|
1.03-1.16
|
0.01
|
1.09
|
0.98-1.21
|
0.12
|
|
Intensity of craving (VAS 100 vs. 50)
|
1.00
|
0.99-1.01
|
0.35
|
1.00
|
0.99-1.00
|
0.50
|
|
Exhaled CO, ppb
|
1.07
|
0.99-1.02
|
0.11
|
0.99
|
0.99-1.01
|
0.84
|
|
Motivation to quit (VAS 100 vs.50)
|
1.00
|
0.99-1.01
|
0.48
|
1.00
|
0.99-1.02
|
0.63
|
|
Motivation for smoking
| | | | | | |
|
Weight control
|
1.10
|
0.79-1.55
|
0.57
|
1.02
|
0.65-1.59
|
0.94
|
|
Dependency
|
0.91
|
0.60-1.38
|
0.66
|
0.91
|
0.61-1.38
|
0.66
|
|
Mood control
|
1.32
|
0.93-1.86
|
0.12
|
0.97
|
0.63-1.48
|
0.87
|
|
Boredom
|
1.50
|
1.13-1.99
|
<0.01
|
1.68
|
1.21-2.33
|
<0.01
|
|
Unwillingness to quit
|
1.40
|
1.02-1.92
|
0.04
|
1.25
|
0.84-1.84
|
0.27
|
|
Relaxation
|
1.02
|
0.76-1.36
|
0.92
|
0.90
|
0.62-1.31
|
0.60
|
|
Obstipation
|
1.12
|
0.70-1.78
|
0.64
|
0.92
|
0.49-1.71
|
0.79
|
|
Pharmacological support
| | | | | | |
|
Counselling only
|
----
|
----
|
----
| |
---
|
---
|
|
NRT
| | | | | | |
|
Mono
|
0.82
|
0.41-1.68
|
0.59
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Combined
|
1.09
|
0.57-2.1
|
0.80
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Mono + bupropion
|
0.99
|
0.50-1.97
|
0.98
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Combined + bupropion
|
1.75
|
0.95-3.19
|
0.07
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
|
Bupropion
|
1.43
|
0.68-3.02
|
0.34
|
---
|
---
|
---
|
- The reference category for discontinuous or ordinal variables is given in parentheses. For continuous or ordinal variables, OR had to be based on meaningful differences of the predicting variable. BMI = Body mass index; FTND = Fagerstroem test for nicotine dependence; exhaled CO = exhaled carbon monoxide; NRT = Nicotine replacement therapy
