Table 2 Summary of included studies: population characteristics
Study reference | Study type | Country | Population | Methods | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Probable country of infection and Estimates of incident infection | |||||
Aggarwal et al. (2006) [32] | CS | UK | Black African, white UK-born, and black Caribbean patients | Review of key epidemiologic data obtained from the medical records or from patient’s physician | 344 (total) 154 (black African) 42 (black Caribbean) |
Burns et al. (2009) [38] | CS | UK | HIV-positive Africans within 12 months of initial HIV diagnosis and aged 18 years or more | Data for all respondents to survey ranked for likelihood of acquisition in the UK or abroad | 263 |
del Amo et al. (2011) [31] | Systematic review | Europe | Migrant populations/Ethnic minorities | Literature review of the five main databases of articles in English 2005 -2009 | 37 articles |
Dougan et al. (2005) [39] | Surveillance | UK | BME MSM newly diagnosed with HIV in E&W between 1997 and 2002 | Review of data from two national HIV/AIDS surveillance systems. Undiagnosed HIV prevalence examined by world region of birth | 1040 |
Dougan et al. (2004) [40] | Surveillance | UK | Black Caribbean adults | Analysis of voluntary confidential reports of new diagnoses received from virologists and clinicians | 528 |
Dougan et al. (2005) [15] | Surveillance | UK | MSM | Analysis of reports of diagnoses from laboratories (since 1985) and clinicians (since 2000) | 6386 MSM (total) |
Hamers & Downs (2004) [41] | Surveillance | Europe | People living with diagnosed HIV in 12 European countries | Review of HIV/AIDS surveillance databases maintained by EuroHIV network | 542,380 (total) 14,077 (migrants from countries with generalised epidemic) |
Lot et al. (2004) [14] | Surveillance | France | Newly diagnosed HIV positive men and women | Analysis of HIV reports confirmed by laboratories; supplemented by epidemiological and clinical data | 1301 |
Pezzoli et al. (2009) [12] | CS | Italy | All adult migrants from a non–EU country registered at primary healthcare centres | Structured questionnaire; included HIV testing; conducted in three cities: Brescia, Rome, Palermo | 3003 (total) 674 (sub Saharan Africans) |
Rice et al. (2012) [18] | Surveillance | UK | Heterosexual adults born abroad and diagnosed with HIV in the UK | National surveillance data analysed; year of infection assigned based on mathematical model | 10,612 (total) 9065 (black African) |
Rice et al. (2014) [19] | Surveillance | UK | Newly diagnosed heterosexual adults seen in care in the UK | National surveillance data analysed for trend changes in probable country of infection. | 37,984 (total) 22,524 (black African born abroad) |
Semaille et al. (2008) [13] | Surveillance | France | Newly diagnosed HIV positive men and women | Analysis of all mandatory anonymous HIV case reports mid-2003 -2006 | 10,855 (total) 2,511 (confirmed recent infections) |
Sinka K et al. (2003) [4] | Surveillance | UK | People diagnosed with HIV | Analysis of voluntary confidential reports of new diagnoses received from virologists and clinicians | 48,226 (total) 8960 (probably acquired in Africa) |
Staehelin et al. (2004) [42] | Retrospective cohort | Switzerland | All migrant patients 1984-2000 | Single centre retrospective cohort: Time of HIV-infection estimated using CD4 cell count, CD4 cell decline over time and plasma RNA level | 1215 (total) |
Valin, et al. (2004) [43] | CS | France | Sub Saharan Africans, aged 18+ presenting with HIV at outpatient or inpatient appointments | Structured questionnaire collecting socio-demographic & clinical data | 250 |
von Wyl V et al. (2011)* [20] | Prospective cohort | Switzerland | Patients who received their HIV diagnosis between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2009 | Phylogenetic analysis – additional demographic data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study database | 1143 individual infected with HIV-1 subtypes A, C,CRF AE, AG |
Xiridou et al. (2010) [16] | Mathematical model | Netherlands | African migrants, Caribbean migrants, and ‘general’ Dutch population | Model parameterized using data from several surveys including two national surveys | N/A |
Xiridou et al. (2011) [17] | Mathematical model | Netherlands | African migrants, Caribbean migrants, and the remaining ‘general’ Dutch population | Model describes transmission of HIV in heterosexual partnerships | N/A |
Evidence of sexual mixing | |||||
Elford et al. (2007) [26] | CS | UK | Patients diagnosed HIV infection aged 18+ years | Self-administered questionnaire to patients in six east London public hospitals | 1687 (total) 704 (black African heterosexual) 112 (non-white MSM) |
Holguin et al. (2007) [21] | CS | Spain | Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 1998 and 2004 | Chart review and data analysis | 429 (total) 87 (foreign born) |
Kramer (2008) [29] | CS | Netherlands | Surinamese and Antillean migrants (incl. 2nd gen) aged 16–70 years | Structured questionnaire administered in social venues | 1938 |
Lai (2013) [24] | CS | Italy | HIV positive patients attending clinical centres | Phylogenetic analysis | 254 (total) 114 (Italy) 60 (Africa) 12 (South America) 4 (South East Asia) 64 (other/unknown) |
Marsicano et al. (2013) [28] | CS | France | Sub Saharan Africans, aged 18–49 living in the Ile-de-France | Interviewer administered face-to-face questionnaire | 1874 (total) 973 (women) 901 (men) |
Rivas (2013) [25] | Prevalence study | Spain | Migrants from Equatorial Guinea (EG) aged >16 seen for first consultation in in clinic 2002-2008 | Analysis HIV & viral hepatitis prevalence among EG migrants compared to migrants from SSA | 1493 (total) 1220 (Equatorial Guinea) 276 (other SSA countries) |
Snoeck et al. (2002) [22] | CS | Belgium | Patients with diagnosed HIV | Phylogenetic analysis & retrospective review of patient records | 41 (total, 18 % African) |
Tramutoet al (2013) [23] | Surveillance | Italy | ART Naïve HIV positive patients attending care | Laboratory hospital surveillance data analysed | 155 (total) 113 (native Sicilian) 42 (migrants) |
van Veen et al. (2009) [27] | CS | Netherlands | Migrants from Surinam, Antilles, Cape Verde & Ghana, aged 18-55 | Individuals recruited in community setting so self-complete structured questionnaire | 1680 |