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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants and their general health literacy (GEN-HL)
| Total (n = 1054) | GEN-HL (n = 927) | One-way ANOVA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n | % | mean | SD | F | P |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | 509 | 48.3 | 24.4 | 8.3 | 12.17 | <.001 |
| Women | 545 | 51.7 | 26.2 | 8.1 | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| 20 − 29 | 154 | 14.6 | 22.8 | 7.8 | 13.06 | <.001 |
| 30 − 39 | 228 | 21.6 | 23.7 | 7.6 | ||
| 40 − 49 | 211 | 20.0 | 24.6 | 7.3 | ||
| 50 − 59 | 213 | 20.2 | 26.0 | 8.4 | ||
| 60 − 69 | 248 | 23.5 | 28.2 | 8.8 | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 46.1 | 13.5 | ||||
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| Junior high school | 25 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 8.1 | 0.21 | .93 |
| High school | 432 | 41.0 | 25.4 | 8.6 | ||
| 2-year college | 142 | 13.5 | 25.1 | 7.2 | ||
| College/university | 417 | 39.6 | 25.2 | 8.3 | ||
| Graduate | 38 | 3.6 | 26.4 | 7.7 | ||
| Annual pre-tax household income (million yena) | ||||||
| <2.5 | 146 | 13.9 | 24.2 | 8.2 | 0.99 | .44 |
| 2.5 − 3.5 | 126 | 12.0 | 25.1 | 9.0 | ||
| 3.5 − 4.5 | 119 | 11.3 | 25.0 | 8.6 | ||
| 4.5 − 6.0 | 183 | 17.4 | 26.3 | 8.0 | ||
| 6.0 − 8.5 | 181 | 17.2 | 25.2 | 7.6 | ||
| 8.5 − 12.5 | 92 | 8.7 | 25.3 | 7.8 | ||
| 12.5 or > | 44 | 4.2 | 25.9 | 8.6 | ||
| Unknown | 163 | 15.5 | 27.3 | 8.6 | ||
| Self-assessed living conditions | ||||||
| Very hard | 132 | 12.5 | 24.0 | 9.1 | 4.81 | <.001 |
| A little hard | 324 | 30.7 | 24.6 | 8.4 | ||
| Common | 501 | 47.5 | 25.9 | 8.1 | ||
| A little well | 87 | 8.3 | 26.7 | 7.3 | ||
| Very well | 10 | .9 | 32.8 | 6.6 | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Self-employed | 61 | 5.8 | 25.9 | 9.8 | 1.98 | .056 |
| Managerial and administrative | 38 | 3.6 | 23.5 | 7.0 | ||
| Professional and technical | 142 | 13.5 | 26.4 | 8.2 | ||
| Other (routine and manual) | 288 | 27.3 | 24.4 | 8.2 | ||
| Part-time | 123 | 11.7 | 25.7 | 7.5 | ||
| Homemaker | 217 | 20.6 | 26.5 | 7.7 | ||
| Student | 26 | 2.5 | 23.5 | 6.9 | ||
| Unemployed | 159 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 9.2 | ||
| Municipality size | ||||||
| Very large (population of 500,000 or more) | 340 | 32.3 | 26.1 | 8.9 | 2.09 | .10 |
| Large (population of 100,000 − 499,999) | 388 | 36.8 | 25.3 | 7.6 | ||
| Moderate (population of <100,000) | 247 | 23.4 | 24.9 | 8.3 | ||
| Small | 79 | 7.5 | 23.6 | 8.1 | ||
