Diabetes, obesity, and recommended fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to food environment sub-types: a cross-sectional analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States Census, and food establishment data

Table 3 Block-group level prevalence (95 % confidence interval) of predicted diabetes, obesity, and FV5 in retail food environment (RFE) categories^

Food environment categories	Block groups (n)	Diabetes	Obesity	5+/day Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Healthier Options (RFE ratio ≤1)
Sub-type 1: Grocery Stores	376	7.1 (6.3, 7.9)	31.2 (30.6, 31.9)	23.1 (21.7, 24.5)
Sub-type 2: Restaurants	213	5.9 (5.0, 6.8)**^,††	28.6 (27.8, 29.4)**^,††	25.2 (23.8, 26.5)**^,††
Sub-type 3: Specialty Food	180	6.1 (5.0, 7.2)**^,††	31.1 (30.1, 32.1)	23.6 (22.3, 25.0)^†
Unhealthier Options (RFE ratio >1)
Sub-type 1: Restaurants and fast food	1520	6.0 (4.9, 7.1)^††	29.6 (28.5, 30.7)^††	24.4 (23.1, 25.9)^††
Sub-type 2: Convenience Stores	938	6.1 (4.9, 7.3)^††	30.9 (29.5, 32.4)	23.7 (22.1, 25.3)

^Diabetes, obesity, and FV5 predicted from multiple imputation using variables in Table 1
*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001 for comparison of diabetes, obesity, or fruit and vegetable intake prevalence compared to the reference group within the healthier options (reference: grocery stores) and unhealthier options (reference: restaurants and fast food)
^†p <0.05, ^††p <0.01, ^†††p <0.001 for comparison of diabetes, obesity, or fruit and vegetable intake prevalence compared to the reference group of “Healthier Options Sub-Type 1: Grocery Stores” across healthier and unhealthier options categories (in the entire group)

ISSN: 1471-2458