A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of tobacco Use in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi: data from the CARRS study

Berg, Carla J; Ajay, Vamadevan S.; Ali, Mohammed K.; Kondal, Dimple; Khan, Hassan M.; Shivashankar, Roopa; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Mohan, Deepa; Fatmi, Zafar; Kadir, Muhammad M.; Tandon, Nikhil; Mohan, Viswanathan; Narayan, KM Venkat; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1817-z

Table 2 Past 6 month tobacco use prevalence and SHS exposure in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi (standardized using world population)

From: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of tobacco Use in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi: data from the CARRS study

	Chennai, N = 6,906				Delhi, N = 5,364				Karachi, N = 4,017
	Males		Females		Males		Females		Males		Females
Variable	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI	%	CI
Any current tobacco use	38.6	[34.5, 42.7]	7.3	[5.3, 9.3]	36.1	[31.7, 40.5]	7.1	[5.0, 9.3]	39.1	[36.2, 42.1]	18.6	[14.8, 22.3]
Current tobacco smoking	28.9	[25.3, 32.5]	0.5	[0.0, 1.0]	27.0	[23.6, 30.4]	2.4	[1.0, 3.8]	23.8	[21.1, 26.5]	4.8	[3.0, 6.6]
Cigarettes	22.7	[19.3, 26.1]	ǂ	ǂ	12.2	[10.6, 13.8]	ǂ	ǂ	20.8	[18.3, 23.2]	1.4	[0.2, 2.6]
Beedis	8.2	[6.3, 10.0]	ǂ	ǂ	15.5	[12.3, 18.8]	1.8	[0.5, 3.1]	0.1	[0.1, 0.3]	ǂ	ǂ
Cigars	0.1	[0.0, 0.2]	ǂ	ǂ	0.1	[0.0, 0.2]	ǂ	ǂ	ǂ	ǂ	ǂ	ǂ
Hookah; Chelum; Pipe	0.1	[0.0, 0.1]	ǂ	ǂ	0.5	[0.1, 0.5]	0.1	[0.1, 0.2]	0.0	[0.0, 0.1]	0.1	[0.0, 0.1]
Current chewed tobacco use	13.1	[11.1, 15.0]	4.8	[3.0, 6.6]	15.3	[12.6, 17.9]	5.6	[3.8, 7.3]	19.9	[17.3, 22.6]	16.3	[13.0, 19.6]
Tobacco chew	8.3	[6.4, 10.2]	3.1	[1.9, 4.3]	9.0	[7.1, 10.9]	2.5	[1.5, 3.5]	2.7	[1.9, 3.4]	2.0	[0.5, 3.5]
Pan with zarda	0.9	[0.0, 1.8]	0.5	[0.1, 0.9]	1.4	[0.9, 1.9]	1.5	[0.5, 2.5]	7.9	[5.7, 10.0]	11.0	[8.0, 14.0]
Panmasala	0.3	[0.1, 0.6]	ǂ	ǂ	0.7	[0.3, 1.1]	0.6	[0.2, 0.9]	0.6	[0.2, 1.0]	1.0	[0.1, 1.9]
Gutka	1.1	[0.6, 1.5]	ǂ	ǂ	3.7	[2.8, 4.6]	0.6	[0.2, 1.1]	4.4	[3.1, 5.7]	1.0	[0.3, 1.7]
Current other tobacco use	4.4	[3.1, 5.7]	3.3	[2.2, 4.5]	2.2	[1.5, 2.9]	2.1	[1.2, 2.9]	10.8	[9.6, 12.0]	4.0	[2.7, 5.3]
Snuff	1.5	[0.6, 2.4]	2.2	[1.4, 3.1]	0.1	[0.0, 0.2]	ǂ	ǂ	5.3	[4.5, 6.0]	1.0	[0.2, 1.7]
Others	0.3	[0.0, 0.5]	0.1	[0.1, 0.2]	0.4	[0.2, 0.6]	1.1	[0.6, 1.6]	0.4	[0.1, 0.8]	0.1	[0.0, 0.1]
Regular exposure to SHS	17.7	[15.3, 20.2]	10.0	[8.2, 12.3]	14.6	[11.9, 17.3]	7.6	[5.3, 9.8]	31.3	[28.0, 34.6]	12.7	[10.1, 15.3]
Salivary Cotinine*	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI	Mean	95%CI
Current tobacco use	168.5	[92.4, 244.6]	62.0	[15.1, 108.9]	555.5	[391.0, 720.0]	306.3	[162.8, 449.9]	157.1	[118.0, 196.3]	164.0	[103.0, 225.0]
No current tobacco use	41.3	[6.8, 75.7]	26.0	[9.3, 42.8]	39.6	[15.6, 63.7]	27.0	[0.0, 57.7]	25.5	[5.2, 45.9]	18.8	[15.1, 32.5]
Nonusers with SHS	68.2	[7.3,143.7]	24.6	[3.4, 45.9]	263.4	[106.5, 420.4]	43.9	[22.6, 65.1]	104.7	[54.9, 154.4]	55.0	[20.9, 89.0]
Nonusers without SHS	58.1	[15.4, 100.8]	56.8	[9.6, 104.0]	182.6	[58.1, 307.2]	47.6	[12.1, 83.0]	76.7	[48.3, 105.2]	30.8	[12.4, 49.1]

*Using sampling weights
ǂ not reported due to insufficient data
Note: The total for Cigarettes, Beedis, Cigars, Hookah, Chelum, and Pipe may be less than Current tobacco smoking as some of the observations were missing for the type of current tobacco smoking. The total for Tobacco chew, Pan with zarda, Panmasala, and Gutka may be less than Current chewed tobacco use as some of the observations were missing for the type of current chewed tobacco use. The total for Snuff and Others may be less than Current other tobacco use as some of the observations were missing for the type of current other tobacco use

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpublichealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Public Health

Contact us