|
Thom 2013 [35]
|
Peer coach
|
T2DM who had an HbA1c level of less than 8.5% within the past 6 months
|
36-hour
|
Individual (telephone contact and in-person contact)
|
High
|
6 months
|
None
|
Usual care included all services usually available to patients, including access to a nutritionist and diabetes educator through referral from their primary care clinician.
|
|
Dang 2013 [36]
|
Peer coach
|
T2DM for one year or more, 30 years old or older, and with HbA1c level in the most recent three months equal to or less than 7%.
|
Four sessions
|
Individual (telephone contact)
|
Moderate
|
6 months
|
Social cognitive theory
|
Follow up at the diabetes outpatient clinic on different dates from the participants in the intervention group to prevent subject contamination.
|
|
Prezio 2013 [37]
|
CHW
|
Adult female lifelong member of the local Mexican American community, with a high school equivalency (General Educational Development: GED) and certification from the State of Texas as a CHW.
|
27 h
|
Individual
|
Low
|
12 months
|
Social cognitive theory
|
Usual medical care.
|
|
Long 2012 [38]
|
Peer coach or mentors
|
Diabetes patients whose glucose control had previously been poor but was currently good.
|
1 hour
|
Individual (telephone contact)
|
Low
|
6 months
|
Motivational interviewing techniques
|
Usual care.
|
|
Spencer 2011 [39]
|
CHW
|
Family health advocates, from the 2 participating communities, where they were ethnically matched with their assigned participants
|
more than 80 hours
|
Both
|
High
|
6 months
|
Motivational interviewing and Empowerment theory
|
Usual care.
|
|
Smith 2011 [17]
|
Peer supporter
|
T2DM for at least one year; adherent to treatment and behavior change regimens; Capacity and commitment to undergo the training required etc.
|
Two evening training sessions
|
Group
|
Low
|
24 months
|
Social support theory
|
Provided regular recall of patients every three to six months with an annual audit of risk factors.
|
|
Lorig 2009 [18]
|
Peer leaders
|
Age from 35 to 70 years and came from the same communities as the participants. Most had type 2 diabetes and were not health professionals
|
4 days
|
Group
|
Low
|
6 months
|
None
|
Usual care was representative of care received in urban areas.
|
|
Lorig 2008 [40]
|
Peer leader
|
Spanish-speaking peer leaders came from the same communities as the participants most had type 2 diabetes and were not health professionals
|
4 days
|
Group
|
Moderate
|
6 months
|
None
|
Usual care.
|
|
Murrock 2009 [41]
|
Peer coach
|
NR
|
NR
|
Group
|
High
|
3 months
|
Social cognitive theory
|
Usual care group continued with their normal daily routines, medication schedule, diet, and glucose-monitoring regimen.
|
|
Philis-Tsimikas 2011 [42]
|
Peer educators
|
Individuals with diabetes who exemplified the traits of a natural leader were identified from the patient population and trained as promotoras over a 3-month period
|
40 h learning, 2 series of classes and then finally taught two series on their own.
|
Group
|
High
|
10 months
|
None
|
Usual care.
|
|
Lujan 2007 [43]
|
Peer promotoras
|
NR
|
60 hours
|
Group
|
High
|
6 months
|
Community empowerment
|
Usual one-on-one patient education by the clinic staff during scheduled medical follow-up visits, which consisted of verbal information and 1 or 2 pamphlets on diabetes self-management skills.
|
|
Samuel-Hodge 2009 [46]
|
Peer counselor
|
T2DM or having lived with someone diagnosed with diabetes for at least 2 years
|
over a 1-month period (4 weekly 4-hour sessions)
|
Both
|
High
|
8 months
|
None
|
Received standard educational pamphlets by mail.
|
|
Feathers 2005 [45]
|
CHW
|
African American and Latino community residents
|
10 weeks
|
Group
|
Low
|
10 months
|
NR
|
Usual care.
|
