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Table 2 Means and standard deviations of exposure variables, covariates and outcome variables for the total study group and stratified by body mass index category and country

From: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: associations between sleep duration, screen time and food consumption frequencies

Variables under study

Total study group

Thinness and normal weight*

Overweight (including obesity)*

BUL

CZE

LTU

PRT

SWE

 

Mean (SD)

Exposure variables (hours/day)

Sleep duration

9.7 (0.9)

9.7 (0.9)

9.6 (0.9)

9.6 (1.1)

10.0 (0.8)

9.5 (0.8)

9.7 (0.8)

10.0 (0.7)

Screen time

2.2 (1.1)

2.2 (1.0)

2.3 (1.0)

2.5 (1.0)

1.7 (0.9)

2.6 (1.0)

1.8 (0.9)

1.9 (0.8)

TV time

1.5 (0.7)

1.5 (0.7)

1.6 (0.7)

1.8 (0.8)

1.2 (0.6)

1.8 (0.7)

1.3 (0.7)

1.3 (0.6)

PC time

0.7 (0.6)

0.7 (0.6)

0.7 (0.7)

0.7 (0.7)

0.5 (0.5)

0.9 (0.7)

0.5 (0.5)

0.6 (0.5)

Covariates

Outdoor play time (hours/day)

2.0 (0.8)

2.0 (0.8)

2.0 (0.8)

2.2 (0.7)

2.1 (0.6)

2.2 (0.7)

1.4 (0.8)

2.1 (0.7)

BMI-for-Age z-score

0.36 (1.22)

-0.21 (0.78)

1.91 (0.76)

0.37 (1.36)

0.11 (1.20)

0.31 (1.19)

0.72 (1.21)

0.26 (1.06)

Outcome variables – food consumption frequencies (days/week)

Fresh fruit

5.1 (2.1)

5.0 (2.1)

5.1 (2.1)

4.2 (2.1)

5.6 (1.8)

4.4 (2.1)

5.6 (2.0)

5.9 (1.8)

Vegetables (excluding potatoes)

4.6 (2.1)

4.6 (2.1)

4.5 (2.2)

4.2 (2.0)

4.5 (2.1)

4.0 (2.1)

4.7 (2.3)

5.6 (1.9)

100% fruit juice

2.8 (2.1)

2.8 (2.1)

2.7 (2.1)

3.2 (2.3)

2.0 (1.7)

3.1 (1.9)

2.5 (2.2)

2.5 (2.1)

Soft drinks containing sugar

2.5 (2.1)

2.5 (2.1)

2.5 (2.1)

3.1 (2.5)

3.6 (2.5)

2.4 (1.8)

2.1 (2.1)

2.0 (1.2)

Diet/light soft drinks

0.8 (1.3)

0.8 (1.3)

0.8 (1.4)

0.7 (1.4)

0.7 (1.5)

1.1 (1.2)

0.3 (1.0)

0.8 (1.3)

Low-fat/semi-skimmed milk

3.3 (2.9)

3.2 (2.9)

3.5 (3.0)

1.7 (2.0)

1.3 (2.2)

2.5 (2.5)

6.1 (2.1)

4.5 (2.8)

Whole-fat milk

2.2 (2.5)

2.3 (2.6)

1.9 (2.4)

2.8 (2.2)

2.6 (2.7)

3.0 (2.6)

0.7 (2.0)

1.5 (2.4)

Flavoured milk

1.7 (2.0)

1.7 (1.9)

1.8 (2.0)

1.2 (1.7)

1.8 (1.9)

1.5 (1.4)

3.0 (2.7)

1.6 (1.8)

Cheese

3.4 (2.2)

3.3 (2.2)

3.4 (2.2)

4.2 (2.1)

4.4 (2.1)

3.1 (2.0)

2.8 (2.3)

2.9 (2.2)

Yoghurt, cream cheese/quark or other dairy products

4.7 (2.1)

4.7 (2.2)

4.8 (2.1)

4.4 (2.1)

5.5 (1.8)

4.7 (2.1)

5.4 (2.0)

4.2 (2.3)

Meat

4.6 (1.9)

4.6 (1.9)

4.6 (1.9)

4.3 (2.1)

4.7 (1.7)

5.0 (1.9)

4.7 (1.9)

4.4 (1.6)

Fish

2.4 (1.5)

2.4 (1.4)

2.5 (1.5)

2.2 (1.4)

1.9 (1.0)

2.1 (1.2)

3.7 (1.9)

2.3 (1.1)

Potato chips (crisps), corn chips, popcorn or peanuts

2.2 (1.6)

2.2 (1.6)

2.1 (1.6)

3.6 (2.1)

1.6 (1.2)

2.1 (1.2)

1.5 (1.2)

1.7 (0.8)

Candy bars or chocolate

3.0 (1.9)

3.1 (1.9)

3.0 (1.9)

4.5 (2.2)

2.8 (1.7)

3.6 (2.0)

2.1 (1.4)

2.0 (0.6)

Biscuits, cakes, doughnuts or pies

2.8 (1.8)

2.9 (1.8)

2.8 (1.8)

3.6 (2.1)

2.7 (1.6)

3.1 (1.8)

2.7 (1.8)

2.0 (1.0)

Pizza, French fries (chips), hamburgers, sausages or meat pies

2.1 (1.4)

2.1 (1.4)

2.1 (1.4)

3.3 (2.0)

1.5 (1.1)

2.0 (1.1)

1.7 (1.1)

1.9 (0.7)

  1. BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
  2. *BMI classification according to the WHO criteria [35].
  3. The country codes refer to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3166–1 Alpha-3 country codes: BUL: Bulgaria, CZE: Czech Republic, LTU: Lithuania, PRT: Portugal, SWE: Sweden.