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Table 2 Results of the two-part model of future medical expenditures 1

From: Health-related employer support, recurring pain, and direct insurance costs for a self-insured employer

Variable

Percentage point difference in the probability of havinganyexpenditure2[95% CI] N=1,570

Change in expected expenditures conditional onhaving > zero2[95% CI] N=1,452

Unconditionalchange in expected expenditures2[95% CI] N=1,570

Emotional support

-0.04

$2,602

$2,256

[-0.09, 0.01]

[-$957, $6,161]

[-$1,031, $5,544]

Physical support

0.06

-$2,126

-$1,748

[0.005, 0.11]

[-$6,491, $2,239]

[-$5,777, $2,280]

Learns new things at work

0.02

-$1,596

-$1,386

[-0.02, 0.06]

[-$5,051, $1,859]

[-$4,563, $1,790]

Has fun at work

-0.03

$2,401

$2,120

[-0.06, 0.002]

[-$216, $5,017]

[-$308, $4,549]

Has enough resources to do job well

0.02

$1,231

$1,203

[-0.03, 0.07]

[-$1,904, $4,367]

[-$1,681, $4,087]

Employer not downsizing

-0.03

$1,386

$1,193

[-0.06, 0.01]

[-$1,666, $4,439]

[-$1,660, $4,047]

Satisfied with job

0.003

$106

$108

[-0.07, 0.07]

[-$4,451, $4,663]

[-$4,108, $4,323]

Gets to use strengths at work

0.03

-$2,881

-$2,537

[-0.02, 0.07]

[-$6,840, $1,078]

[-$6,166,$1,092]

Trusting and open environment created by supervisor

0.02

-$1,388

-$1,193

[-0.02, 0.07]

[-$4,359, $1,583]

[-$3,939, $1,552]

Typical Hours Worked (hours)

-0.0004

-$13

-$13

[-0.002, 0.001]

[-$128, $102]

[-$120, $93]

Pain

0.06

$2,977

$3,027

[0.04, 0.09]

[$889, $5,065]

[$1,077, $4,978]

Charlson comorbidity index Score ≥1

0.08

$13,080

$12,987

[0.06, 0.10]

[$8,827, $17,333]

[$8,856, $17,117]

Asthma

0.01

-$2,929

-$2,692

[-0.04, 0.05]

[-$5,154,-$704]

[-$4,756,-$629]

High blood pressure

0.05

$389

$558

[0.02, 0.08]

[-$2,096, $2,874]

[-$1,775, $2,891]

High cholesterol

0.04

$418

$531

[0.01, 0.07]

[-$2,072, $2,908]

[-$1,799,$2,861]

Current smoker

-0.04

-$1,169

-$1,210

[-0.08, 0.01]

[-$3,922, $1,584]

[-$3,726, $1,305]

Male

-0.10

-$3,982

-$4,067

[-0.13,-0.07]

[-$6,002,-$1,962]

[-$5,938,-$2196]

Age (years)

0.0004

$62

$59

[-0.001, 0.002]

[-$47, $170]

[-$42, $159]

BMI

0.001

$68

$67

[-0.001, 0.004]

[-$103, $238]

[-$90, $225]

Emotional health index (10 point scale)

0.002

-$566

-$516

[-0.004, 0.01]

[-$1,072,-$60]

[-$984,-$48]

Health insurance type (PPO is reference)

HMO - gatekeeper

-0.03

-$242

-$280

 

[-0.06, 0.02]

[-$2,876, $2,393]

[-$2,709, $2,150]

HMO-POS or open access

0.002

$1,170

$1,091

[-0.05, 0.05]

[-$2,159, $4,498]

[-$1,994, $4,177]

Indemnity/HAS

-0.03

$6,160

$5,538

[-0.11, 0.06]

[-$3,237, $15,558]

[-$3,078, $14,155]

Monthly household income (Up to $2,999 is reference)

$3,000 to $3,999

-0.01

$1,031

$912

[-0.06, 0.04]

[-$2,264, $4,326]

[-$2137, $3962]

$4,000 to $4,999

-0.02

$152

$65

[-0.07, 0.03]

[-$3076, $3,381]

[-$2922, $3052]

$5,000 to $7,499

-0.02

$3,078

$2791

[-0.06, 0.03]

[-$385, $6,541]

[-$423, $6,004]

$7,500 to $9,999

-0.004

-$804

-$758

[-0.05, 0.04]

[-$4,185, $2,578]

[-$3,904, $2,389]

$10,000 and over

-0.01

$2,161

$1964

[-0.06, 0.04]

[-$1,692, $6,015]

[-$1605, $5533]

Spouse/Partner

-0.001

$637

$584

[-0.03, 0.03]

[-$1,955, $3,229]

[-$1,815, $2983]

Number of children under 18

0.01

-$975

-$878

[-0.01, 0.02]

[-$2,067, $117]

[-$1887, $131]

  1. 1This regression also controlled for the number of hospital beds per 1,000 pop; Active Primary Care, Specialty and Psychiatry Specialty Physicians per 10,000 pop; and Census Region. The results are for a two-part model of future medical expenditures. The first part of the model uses a logit regression with the dependent variable equal to one if there were any expenditure. The second part of the model is a GLM (Gamma and log-link). Confidence Intervals were estimated using a first-order Taylor series expansion.
  2. 2Numbers in italics are statistically significant at the 5% level and that numbers in boldface are statistically significant at the 1% level.