Table 1 Examples of ms used were described as:

Kufira

Sodomy

Anal copulation with a member of the same or opposite sex

Kutomba kwenye mkundu

To fuck the anus

Sexual penetration through the anal route

Kumtia nyuma

To penetrate from the back

Literally to ‘fuck’ through the anal route

Msenge

Men-who have sex with men (MSM)

Linking the act of HAS to MSMs

Tigo, Zain, Voda

Names of telephone companies in Tanzania

Symbols of Tigo, Zain and Vodacom telephone companies are circular in shape resembling an anus

Shamba dogo

Small garden

Anal route considered smaller than vaginal route

Chuma mboga

Pluck vegetables from the garden

Bending posture which exposes the back area of the body

Salimia jirani

Greet neighbour

Anal route considered neighbouring the vaginal route

Okota mia

To pick 100 shillings (usually a coin in TZ currency)

The act of bending to pick something

Kuzama

To drown

Implies the act of the penis ‘drowning’ in the anal route

Geuza samaki

To turn the fish

A metaphor used to describe the act of eating both sides of the fish (i.e. vaginal as well as anal penetration)

Kinyume cha maubile

Against/Opposite of creation

The perception that the anus is meant for excretion and not sex and act of inserting the penis through the anus was considered going against creation

Nipe mambo leo

Give me an experience or something new

Could refer to adventure