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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of participants, Zimbabwe, 2012; Women were ≥16 years old and mothers of infants (alive or deceased) born 9–18 months prior to the interview a

From: Food insecurity is a barrier to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Total (N = 8,790)

Household food security statusb

Food secure (n = 4,305)

Moderate food insecurity (n = 2,906)

Severe food insecurity (n = 1,578)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Province

 
 

Harare

1,529 (17.4)

930 (21.6)

439 (15.1)

160 (10.1)

 

Manicaland

3,564 (40.6)

1,449 (33.7)

1,366 (47.0)

749 (47.5)

 

Mashonaland Central

1,503 (17.1)

818 (19.0)

504 (17.3)

181 (11.5)

 

Mashonaland West

1,339 (15.2)

713 (16.6)

413 (14.2)

214 (13.6)

 

Matabeleland South

855 (9.7)

396 (9.2)

184 (6.3)

275 (17.4)

Age, years (mean, SE)

26.7 (0.09)

26.2 (0.12)

27.0 (0.12)

27.4 (0.21)

Married or has a regular sexual partner

8,152 (92.7)

4,028 (93.6)

2,691 (92.6)

1,432 (90.8)

Education, highest completed

 
 

No education

274 (3.1)

99 (2.3)

123 (4.2)

52 (3.3)

 

Primary school (Standard 7)

2,458 (28.0)

966 (22.4)

854 (29.4)

638 (40.4)

 

Some secondary school

2,469 (28.1)

1,120 (26.0)

855 (29.4)

494 (31.3)

 

“O” Level or more (Grade 11)

3,589 (40.8)

2,120 (49.3)

1,073 (36.9)

396 (25.1)

Ethnicity

 
 

Shona

7,341 (83.5)

3,646 (84.7)

2,516 (86.6)

1,179 (74.7)

 

Ndebele

586 (6.7)

297 (6.9)

116 (4.0)

172 (10.9)

 

Kalanga/Other

862 (9.8)

361 (8.4)

274 (9.4)

227 (14.4)

Household size (mean, SE)

5.2 (0.05)

5.0 (0.06)

5.2 (0.05)

5.5 (0.08)

Asset Index (quartile)

 
 

1st (lowest)

2,463 (28.0)

862 (20.0)

874 (30.1)

726 (46.0)

 

2nd

1,624 (18.5)

748 (17.4)

559 (19.2)

317 (20.1)

 

3rd

2,022 (23.0)

1,016 (23.6)

687 (23.6)

320 (20.3)

 

4th (highest)

2,681 (30.5)

1,679 (39.0)

786 (27.1)

216 (13.7)

Lifetime births (mean, SE)

2.7 (0.04)

2.4 (0.04)

2.8 (0.04)

3.1 (0.06)

Infant alive

8,726 (99.3)

4,278 (99.4)

2,882 (99.2)

1,565 (99.2)

Infant’s age, months (mean, SE)c

13.7 (0.04)

13.6 (0.05)

13.7 (0.07)

13.6 (0.08)

Mother HIV-infected

1,075 (12.4)

414 (9.8)

358 (12.4)

304 (19.4)

  1. SE: Linearized standard error.
  2. aWeighted counts and proportions presented in the table. Numbers may not sum to column totals due to missing data. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
  3. bFood security determined from a subset of questions from the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) [30].
  4. cAge of infants who were alive as well as the age deceased infants would have been at the time of the survey.
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