Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Herpes zoster-associated mortality in Europe: a systematic review
Study ID [ref] | Country/Dates | Data source | HZ diagnosis | Age (years) | Comorbidity | HZ-associated mortality data available or calculated* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilcke 2012 [21] | Belgium/1990-2007 | National death certificates | Code for HZ as possible cause of death (no indication of primary or associated) and independent evaluation by 5 experts | ≥60 | None | Overall incidence |
Gonzalez Chiappe 2010 [27] | France/2000-2007 | National death certificate database (INSERM CepiDC: http://www.cepidc.inserm.fr/) | ICD-10 codes B020.0-B020.9 as primary or associated cause of death | 96.8% of deaths occurred in ≥65 | 21.6% had ≥1 underlying condition (59.6% malignancies, 12.5% diabetes, 10.9% blood dyscrasias and some immune deficiencies) | Age-specific incidence; disease-specific number of HZ deaths and hospital fatality rate* |
Ultsch 2011 [30] | Germany/2007-2008 | Federal Health Monitoring database | ICD-10 codes of primary disease | ≥50 | None | Overall, and age- and gender-specific incidences and hospital fatality rate* |
van Lier 2010 [31] | Netherlands/2000-2007 | National Statistics (CBS) database | ICD-10 codes B02 and G530 as primary cause of death | 92% of deaths in ≥75 | None | Number of HZ deaths; incidence of HZ mortality* |
de Melker 2006 [23] | Netherlands/1996-2002 | National Statistics (CBS) database | ICD-10 code B02 as primary cause of death | 97% in ≥60 | None | Number of VZV deaths, incidence of HZ mortality* |
Mesquita 2013 [28] | Portugal/2000-2010 | National Health Hospital Ministry Database | IDC-9 codes 053.10-13, 053.19-22, 053. 29, 053.71, 053.79, 053.8, 053.9 as primary diagnosis at hospital admission | All ages, with 10-year groups from 50 to 99 | None | In-hospital fatality rate (not available by gender) |
Perez-Sola 2011 [29] | Spain/2000-2006 | Registry for drug safety in rheumatic patients treated with anti-TNF (100 Spanish health centres) | Microbiological diagnosis | 50 (mean; SD = 14) | Rheumatic diseases treated with TNF antagonists | Number of HZ deaths |
Gil 2009 [24] | Spain/1998-2004 | National hospital discharge database (CMBD) | ICD-9 code for primary or secondary diagnosis: 0.53, 053.0-053.9 | 68.3 (SD = 15.5) for hospitalisations | None | Number of HZ deaths; age-specific hospital-mortality incidence; age-specific hospital fatality rate |
Gil-Prieto 2011 [26] | Spain/1998-2004 | National hospital discharge database (CMBD) | ICD-9 code for primary or secondary diagnosis (053; 053.0-053.9) | >50 | 60.8% with diabetes, COPD and/or cardiovascular diseases, Exclusion of immunocompromised | Overall, age-specific and disease-specific hospital fatality rate |
Gil-Prieto 2012 [25] | Spain/1997-2008 | National hospital discharge database (CMBD) | ICD-9-CM code for primary or secondary diagnosis for HZ ophthalmicus HZO 053.2, 053.20-22, 053.29 | >50; 50–59; 60–69; >70 | 25% immunocompromised (all ages) | Number of HZO deaths; HZO overall hospital-fatality rate; HZO age specific hospital-fatality rate |
Comorbidities (cardiac chronic diseases, diabetes, COPD, asthma, chronic renal diseases) | ||||||
Brisson 2003 [22] | England and Wales/1993-2000 | Hospitalisation Episode Statistics database (national) & Office for National Statistics (death certificates) | ICD-10 code B02 as primary diagnosis and ICD Code for HZ as cause of death | 45-64; 65+ | 8% with underlying conditions | Number of HZ deaths; Age-specific incidence; hospital-fatality rate |
Edmunds 2001 [2] | England and Wales/1998 (1985–94; 1995–1999) | Hospitalisation Episode Statistics database (national) & Office for National Statistics (death certificates) | ICD-10 code B02 in any of the 7 diagnosis fields/ICD-9 code 053 death (no details for primary or associated) | 45+; and 5-year sub-groups | None | Age-specific mortality and case fatality rate |