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Table 2 Beverage intake in adults with low SES according to PW intake

From: Plain water consumption is associated with lower intake of caloric beverage: cross-sectional study in Mexican adults with low socioeconomic status

 

Total†(n = 1108)

Nondrinkers of PWa,†(n = 192)

Quartiles of PW intake

 
   

Oneb,†(n = 231)

Twoc,†(n = 218)

Threed,†(n = 203)

Foure,†(n = 264)

P* value

Plain water (mL)

938 ± 816

0

336 ± 115

744 ± 149

1208 ± 159

2099 ± 596

 

CB (mL)

921 ± 598

1222 ± 652b,c,d,e

948 ± 561a,e

956 ± 596a,e

804 ± 530a

741 ± 551a,b,c

<0.001

Sugar-sweetened beverages

422 ± 502

548 ± 577d,e

451 ± 495e

470 ± 528e

349 ± 436a

322 ± 447a,b,c

<0.001

Sodas

294 ± 362

456 ± 459b,c,d,e

297 ± 345a

260 ± 312a

253 ± 335a

234 ± 318a

<0.001

Whole and sweetened milk

163 ± 240

165 ± 249

156 ± 212

184 ± 240

176 ± 280

141 ± 223

0.263

Alcoholic beverages

22 ± 126

48 ± 184d,e

25 ± 135

24 ± 141

8.8 ± 336a

10 ± 77a

0.003

Natural juices

19 ± 98

4 ± 35e

19 ± 88

18 ± 93

17 ± 87

33 ± 140a

0.010

Low-fat milk, skim milk and beverages without added sugar (mL)

143 ± 297

206 ± 431c,e

145 ± 288

116 ± 234a

132 ± 241

126 ± 267a

0.445

Low calorie

132 ± 291

200 ± 431c,e

137 ± 281

107 ± 228a

121 ± 234

108 ± 251a

0.152

Low-fat milk

11 ± 68

6 ± 51

8 ± 47

10 ± 55

11 ± 71

18 ± 94

0.087

Total beverages (mL)

2003 ± 870

1427 ± 642c,d,e

1429 ± 570c,d,e

1818 ± 597a,b,d,e

2144 ± 540ª,b,c,e

2965 ± 760a,b,c,d

<0.001

Energy from beverages (kcal)

412 ± 321

537 ± 354b,c,d,e

423 ± 375a,e

418 ± 278a

366 ± 263a

342 ± 289a,b

<0.001

Ratio** (CB/PW)

1.43 ± 1.9

0

3.36 ± 2.8c,d,e

1.34 ± 0.9b,d,e

0.68 ± 0.5b,c

0.38 ± 0.3b,c

<0.001

  1. †mean ± SD.
  2. *Trend test value among the five groups.
  3. a,b,c,d,eDifference between groups with p <0.05. Comparisons between groups were adjusted for Bonferroni correction.
  4. **n = 916 due to the exclusion of 192 subjects who do not drink plain water.
  5. SES, socioeconomic status; CB, caloric beverage; PW, plain water; CB/PW, ratio of caloric beverages to plain water.