Health care access dimensions and cervical cancer screening in South Africa: analysis of the world health survey

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Multivariable associations between health care access dimensions and pelvic/pap screening, 2003 South Africa World Health Survey (Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals)

	Age-Adjusted¹OR (95% CI)	Fully-Adjusted²OR (95% CI)
Affordability
Household SES
Q4-High	Ref	Ref
Q3	1.16 (0.3-5.1)	0.79 (0.22-2.83)
Q2	0.34 (0.1-1.0)	0.57 (0.09-3.36)
Q1-Low	0.59 (0.2-1.5)	0.98 (0.21-4.56)
Health Insurance
Yes	Ref	Ref
No	1.87 (0.5-7.2)	0.72 (0.14-3.77)
Availability
# Health Care providers	1.01 (1.00-1.01)	1.01 (1.00-1.01)
Facility type
Government	Ref	Ref
Non-Government	2.56 (1.18-5.57)	1.22 (0.48-3.09)
Provider type
Medical Doctor	Ref	Ref
Others (Nurses/midwives)	0.33 (0.12-0.86)	0.13 (0.04-0.42)
Accessibility
Travel time
<=25 minutes	Ref	Ref
>25 minutes	0.59 (0.28-1.26)	1.46 (0.58-3.71)
Travel mode
Private	Ref	Ref
Public	0.39 (0.12-1.32)	1.19 (0.47-2.97)
Bike/Walk	0.17 (0.05-0.57)	0.62 (0.15-2.64)
Accommodation
Provider Skills adequate
(Yes vs. No)	0.79 (0.19-3.32)	0.40 (0.02-9.65)
Equipment adequate
(Yes vs. No)	1.99 (0.60-6.63)	1.11 (0.04-20.1)
Acceptability
Provider Gender (Female v. Male)	0.59 (0.23-1.55)	2.81 (1.33-5.92)
Gender (Worse No vs. Yes)	1.19 (0.29-4.92)	2.11 (0.41-11.04)
Social class (Worse No vs. Yes)	2.63 (0.95-7.25)	4.03 (0.30-5.9)
Ethnicity (Worse No vs. Yes)	0.26 (0.08-0.84)	0.17 (0.01-3.82)

¹Each health care access dimension was assessed in separate models, adjusted for age.
²All health care dimension explanatory variables were combined in the fully adjusted model, adjusted for age.

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