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Table 2 Results for items related to effectiveness of strategies to reduce binge drinking in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents in an intervention targeting parents

From: Web-based interventions to decrease alcohol use in adolescents: a Delphi study about increasing effectiveness and reducing drop-out

Strategy

Second round

Third round

 

N = 64

 

N = 39

 
 

Mdn

IQD

Mdn

IQD

1. Advise parents not to provide adolescent child with alcohol

6

2

6

2

2. Provide normative information (e.g., actual figures) to parents about adolescent drinking

5

1.5

5

1

3. *Advise parents to have clear and consistent rules

7

1

-

-

4. Give parents the opportunity to communicate with other parents to have the same kind of rules

5

2

5

2

5. Present different parenting styles and its relation with drinking and other variables that relate to positive youth development

5

1.25

5

2

6. *Provide approaches to communication (particularly conflict resolution)

6

1

-

-

7. *Demonstrate an authoritative parenting style as opposed to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles

6

2

6

1

8. Present evidence regarding the efficacy of the authoritative approach in a way that is palatable for parents

5

2

5

2

9. Describe ways of using authoritative parenting styles

6

2

6

1.50

10. Encourage parents to spent time with their adolescents

6

2

6

1.50

11. Advise parents to talk to their adolescent children regularly about things that interest the adolescent

6

1.75

6

2

12. *Provide parents with evidence that delaying introduction to alcohol consumption helps protect their adolescent children from alcohol-related harms

6

2

6

1

13. *Give immediate and tailored feedback to the parents

6

1.25

6

1

14. *Demonstrate more or less effective communication styles

6

1

-

-

15. Build communities on special topics (celebration of 16th birthday)

5

2

4

2

16. Educate parents about negative consequences for the development of the brains until age 24

5

2

5

2

17. Emphasize short term negative effects of alcohol on adolescents

5

2

5

2

18. *Advise parents to get to know the whereabouts of the adolescent

6

2

6

1

19. *Advise parents to get to know the friends of the adolescent

6

2

6

1

20. Advise parents to conduct family bounding activities (e.g., having evening meal together)

6

2

6

2

21. Make clear to parents that their own youth habits differ from the current youth habits

5

1.75

5

2

22. Advise parents to have clear expectations towards the adolescent not to drink alcohol

6

2

6

1.25

23. Advise parents to communicate about expectations not to drink alcohol towards the adolescent

6

2

6

1.25

24. Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be firm

5

2

5

2

25. *Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be consistent

7

1

-

-

26. *Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be kind

6

1

-

-

27. *Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be open

6

1

-

-

28. Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be healthy

6

2

6

2

29. *Emphasize that communication between parent and child has to be from positive quality

6

2

6

1

30. Advise parents to come to agreements with their adolescent child regarding alcohol consumption

5

2

5

1.50

31. Advise parents to be a good role model (do not drink (much) in presence of the adolescent)

6

2

6

1.25

32. Advise parents to monitor the alcohol consumption of their adolescent child

5

1

-

-

33. Advise parents not to serve alcohol at home

4

3

4

2

34. *Emphasize the importance of responsive parenting (parents who expect a lot from their adolescent child and provide them with a sense of self-efficacy)

6

1

-

-

35. *Consistent adolescent management practices (balancing the two dimensions of ‘care’ and ‘control’) regarding alcohol consumption

6

2

6

0.75

36. *Advise parents to have active interest in the adolescents life

6

2

6

1

37. Advise parents to conduct activities that the adolescent enjoys

5

1.75

5

1

38. *Advise parents to instruct older siblings not to provide their younger siblings with alcohol

6

1

-

-

39. *Emphasize that family can continue to be a moderating influence throughout adolescence and even young adulthood because parents usually affect long term goals and values

6

2

6

1

40. *Strengthen parents self-efficacy towards making agreements and setting rules

6

2

6

1

  1. Mdn: median scores.
  2. IQD: interquartile deviation.
  3. -: these items had an IQD ≤ 1 in the second round and did not reappear in the third round.
  4. Strategies that are in italics and marked with an asterisk were identified as important (Mdn ≥ 6) and experts had reached consensus on (IQD ≤ 1).
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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