The rise in stunting in relation to avian influenza and food consumption patterns in Lower Egypt in comparison to Upper Egypt: results from 2005 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys

Kavle, Justine A; El-Zanaty, Fatma; Landry, Megan; Galloway, Rae

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1627-3

Table 3 Proportion of stunting, 6–59 months, Upper Egypt 2005 (N = 3893) and 2008 (N = 2708)

From: The rise in stunting in relation to avian influenza and food consumption patterns in Lower Egypt in comparison to Upper Egypt: results from 2005 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys

Factor	2005			2008
Factor	Total N [%]	Stunting, 6–59 months n [%]	p-value	Total N [%]	Stunting, 6–59 months n [%]	p-value
Proportion of stunted children	3893	1120[28.8]		2708	590[21.8]
Age of child			<0.001			<0.001
6-11 months	648[16.7]	168[25.9]		495[18.3]	66[13.3]
12-23 months	1131[29.1]	374[33.1]		818[30.2]	229[28.0]
24-35 months	958[24.6]	276[28.8]		626[23.1]	138[22.0]
36-47 months	702[18.0]	199[28.4]		468[17.3]	92[19.7]
48-59 months	454[11.7]	103[22.7]		301[11.1]	65[21.5]
Sex of child			0.001			0.213
Females	1853[47.6]	485[26.2]		1296[47.9]	269[20.7]
Males	1040[52.4]	635[31.1]		1412[52.1]	321[22.7]
Child Illness
Cough with short rapid breathing			0.342			0.990
Yes	532[60.8]	132[24.8]		424[73.9]	85[20.1]
No	343[39.2]	95[27.7]		150[26.1]	30[20.0]
Diarrhea			0.210			0.967
Yes	1009[25.9]	275[27.3]		364[13.4]	79[21.7]
No	2881[74.1]	845[29.3]		2344[86.6]	511[21.8]
Maternal age (mean [SD])*	29.0 [6.5]	28.8 [6.4]	0.199	29.2 [6.5]	29.3 [6.5]	0.724
Maternal education			0.004			<0.001
No education	1704[43.8]	526[30.9]		1068[39.4]	274[25.7]
Primary	526[13.5]	155[29.5]		299[11.0]	68[22.7]
Secondary	1466[37.7]	400[27.3]		1128[41.7]	219[19.4]
Higher	197[5.1]	39[19.8]		213[7.9]	29[13.6]
Maternal BMI**			0.003			0.197
Thin and Normal (<25 kg/m²)	1533[39.4]	487[31.8]		1117[41.3]	258[23.1]
Overweight (25 to 30 km/g²)	1408[36.2]	387[27.5]		991[36.6]	216[21.8]
Obese (>30 kg/m²)	952[24.5]	246[25.8]		600[22.2]	116[19.3]
Perceived size of child at birth			<0.001			0.005
Very small or Small	619[16.0]	229[37.0]		478[17.7]	127[26.6]
Average or Larger	3251[84.0]	882[27.1]		2230[82.4]	463[20.8]
Birth Intervals			0.046			0.399
<24 months	657[20.9]	204[31.1]		373[17.5]	87[23.3]
24-35 months	969[30.8]	285[29.4]		636[29.8]	143[22.5]
36-47 months	642[20.4]	194[30.2]		455[21.3]	113[24.8]
48+ months	877[27.9]	221[25.2]		670[31.4]	138[20.6]
Socioeconomic/avian influenza factors
Household ownership of poultry/birds			0.003			0.029
Yes	1951[50.1]	603[30.9]		783[28.9]	192[24.5]
No	1942[49.9]	517[26.6]		1923[71.1]	398[20.7]
Residence			0.004			0.012
Urban	988[25.4]	249[25.2]		715[26.4]	132[18.5]
Rural	2905[74.6]	871[30.0]		1993[73.6]	[23.0]
Wealth Quintile		<0.001		<0.001
Poorest	1372[35.2]	469[34.2]		1038[38.2]	263[25.3]
Poorer	1019[26.2]	287[28.2]		668[24.7]	153[22.9]
Middle	729[18.7]	197[27.0]		446[16.5]	86[19.3]
Richer	447[11.5]	101[22.6]		273[10.1]	51[18.7]
Richest	326[8.4]	66[20.3]		283[10.5]	37[13.1]

Legend: N/A: Not applicable, data on avian influenza was not collected in 2005, as the outbreak occurred in 2006. *Reference group is average age of mothers of non-stunted children. **No women were categorized as thin in 2005, and only 2 respondents in 2008 were thin.

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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