The rise in stunting in relation to avian influenza and food consumption patterns in Lower Egypt in comparison to Upper Egypt: results from 2005 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys

Kavle, Justine A; El-Zanaty, Fatma; Landry, Megan; Galloway, Rae

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1627-3

Table 2 Proportion of stunting, 6–59 months, Lower Egypt 2005 (N = 2292) and 2008 (N = 2293)

From: The rise in stunting in relation to avian influenza and food consumption patterns in Lower Egypt in comparison to Upper Egypt: results from 2005 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys

Factor	2005			2008
Factor	Total N [%]	Stunting, 6–59 months n [%]	p-value	Total N [%]	Stunting, 6–59 months n [%]	p-value
Proportion of stunted children	2292	381[16.6]		2293	722[31.5]
Age of child			<0.001			<0.001
6-11 months	329[14.4]	71[21.6]		429[18.7]	86[20.1]
12-23 months	645[28.1]	124[19.2]		650[28.4]	220[33.9]
24-35 months	575[25.1]	115[20.0]		540[23.6]	185[34.3]
36-47 months	466[20.3]	49[10.5]		424[18.5]	160[37.7]
48-59 months	277[12.1]	22[7.9]		250[10.9]	71[28.4]
Sex of child			0.510			0.002
Females	1088[47.5]	175[16.1]		1116[48.7]	317[28.4]
Males	1204[52.5]	206[17.1]		1177[51.3]	405[34.4]
Child Illness
Cough with short rapid breathing			0.509			0.276
Yes	213[52.5]	36[16.9]		157[68.0]	44[28.0]
No	193[47.5]	28[14.5]		73[31.6]	20[27.4]
Diarrhea			0.804			0.002
Yes	414[18.1]	67[16.2]		174[7.6]	37[21.3]
No	1876[81.9]	313[16.7]		2117[92.4]	685[32.4]
Maternal age (mean [SD])*	28.9[6.0]	28.1[5.9]	0.005	28.4[5.8]	28.5[5.7]	0.788
Maternal education			0.482			0.454
No education	482[21.0]	83[17.2]		404[17.6]	126[31.2]
Primary	293[12.8]	56[19.1]		219[9.6]	60[27.4]
Secondary	1272[55.5]	199[15.6]		1364[59.5]	432[31.7]
Higher	245[10.7]	43[17.6]		306[13.3]	104[34.0]
Maternal BMI**			<0.001			0.080
Thin and Normal (<25 kg/m²)	465[20.3]	98[21.1]		460[20.1]	129[28.0]
Overweight (25 to 30 km/g²)	897[39.1]	181[20.2]		1043[45.5]	351[33.7]
Obese (>30 kg/m²)	930[40.6]	102[11.0]		790[34.5]	242[30.6]
Perceived size of child at birth			0.022			0.686
Very small or Small	270[11.8]	58[21.5]		214[9.3]	70[32.7]
Average or Larger	2017[88.2]	322[16.0]		2079[90.7]	652[31.4]
Birth Intervals			0.087			0.035
<24 months	261[15.6]	45[17.2]		223[13.7]	89[39.9]
24-35 months	459[27.5]	81[17.7]		403[24.8]	115[28.5]
36-47 months	379[22.7]	65[17.2]		409[25.2]	133[32.5]
48+ months	572[34.2]	72[12.6]		590[36.3]	187[31.7]
Socioeconomic/avian flu variables
Household ownership of poultry/birds			0.868			0.001
Yes	700[30.5]	115[16.43]		325[14.2]	76[23.4]
No	1592[69.5]	266[16.7]		1967[85.8]	645[32.8]
Residence			0.153			0.280
Urban	554[24.2]	103[18.6]		558[24.3]	186[33.3]
Rural	1738[75.8]	278[16.0]		1735[75.7]	536[30.9]
Wealth Quintile		0.044		0.157
Poorest	277[12.1]	43[15.5]		229[9.6]	60[27.3]
Poorer	485[21.2]	90[18.6]		481[21.0]	147[30.6]
Middle	583[25.4]	95[16.3]		619[27.0]	183[29.6]
Richer	610[26.6]	83[13.6]		594[25.9]	198[33.3]
Richest	337[14.7]	70[20.8]		379[16.5]	134[35.4]

Legend: N/A: Not applicable, data on avian influenza was not collected in 2005, as the outbreak occurred in 2006. *Reference group is average age of mothers of non-stunted children. **No women were categorized as thin in 2005, and only 2 respondents in 2008 were thin.

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