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Table 7 Current cigar smoking and esophageal cancer by inhalation level, cigars per day, and duration

From: Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality

Study

Cohort name

Inhalation level

Cigars per day

Duration (years)

Effect estimate

95% CI

Measure

Primary/secondary*

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

2.28

(0.74, 5.33)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

3.93

(1.43, 8.55)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

5.19

(2.23, 10.22)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

2.64

(0.03, 14.67)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

1.56

(0.02, 8.68)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

5.63

(1.81, 13.14)

IRR

Secondary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

 

1 to 2

 

1.8

(0.60, 5.00)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

 

3+

 

1.9

(0.80, 4.90)

HR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

3.4

(1.90, 5.61)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

1.9

(0.02, 10.58)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

14.84

(2.98, 43.37)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

4.15

(1.34, 9.68)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

2.22

(0.03, 12.37)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

2.69

(0.04, 14.94)

IRR

Secondary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

No inhalation

 

1.6

(0.70, 4.10)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

Inhalation

  

1

(0.10, 7.20)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

  

<25

0.9

(0.10, 6.40)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

  

25+

2.2

(1.00, 4.70)

HR

Primary

  1. *Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.