Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality

BMC Public Health

Table 25 Current cigar smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Study	Cohort name	Sex	Cigar smoker deaths	Effect estimate	95% CI	Measure	Primary/secondary*	Adjustment	ICD codes
*Current Cigar*
Kahn1966	Dorn study		5	0.79	(0.25, 1.86)	SMR		Age	ICD 7: 500–502, 527.1
Carstensen1987	Swedish Census Cohort		1	1.3	(0.00, 7.45)	SMR		Age, residence	ICD 8: 490-492
Lange1992	Copenhagen City Heart Study	Men	22	3.7	(1.10, 12.00)	HR		Age	ICD 8: 490-492
Lange1992	Copenhagen City Heart Study	Women	10	10	(2.30, 48.00)	HR		Age	ICD 8: 490-492
Shanks1998	CPS-I		30	1.42	(0.96, 2.03)	IRR	Primary	Age
Shanks1998	CPS-I		33	4.39	(3.02, 6.16)	IRR	Secondary	Age
*Current Cigar and/or Pipe*
Wald1997	British United Provident Association		40	1.11	(0.78, 1.59)	HR	Primary	Age	ICD 9: 416, 491–492, 496, 519
Wald1997	British United Provident Association		35	1.68	(1.16, 2.45)	HR	Secondary	Age	ICD 9: 416, 491–492, 496, 519

*Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; primary cigar and/or pipe smoking: current, exclusive cigar and/or pipe smoking with no previous history of cigarette smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar and/or pipe smoking: current, exclusive cigar and/or pipe smoking with previous history of cigarette smoking.

ISSN: 1471-2458