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Table 22 Current cigar smoking and stroke by inhalation level and cigars per day

From: Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality

Study

Cohort name

Inhalation level

Cigars per day

Effect estimate

95% CI

Measure

Primary/secondary*

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

1.01

(0.88, 1.17)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

1.05

(0.88, 1.23)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

0.79

(0.64, 0.97)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

0.95

(0.71, 1.26)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

0.92

(0.67, 1.24)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

0.89

(0.64, 1.22)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

 

0.91

(0.82, 1.02)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

 

1.06

(0.79, 1.39)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

1.22

(0.74, 1.91)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

 

0.95

(0.76, 1.18)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

 

0.83

(0.55, 1.20)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

0.88

(0.52, 1.38)

IRR

Secondary

  1. *Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.