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Table 20 Current cigar smoking and coronary heart disease by inhalation level, cigars per day and duration

From: Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality

Study

Cohort name

Inhalation level

Cigars per day

Duration (years)

Effect estimate

95% CI

Measure

Primary/secondary*

Kahn1966

Dorn study

 

<5

 

1

(0.90, 1.10)

SMR

 

Kahn1966

Dorn study

 

5 to 8

 

1.1

(0.94, 1.28)

SMR

 

Kahn1966

Dorn study

 

8+

 

1.18

(0.86, 1.59)

SMR

 

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

0.98

(0.91, 1.07)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

1.06

(0.96, 1.16)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

1.14

(1.03, 1.24)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

1.06

(0.92, 1.21)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

1.1

(0.95, 1.27)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

1.1

(0.96, 1.26)

IRR

Secondary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

 

1

 

1.18

(0.76, 1.82)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

 

2 to 3

 

1.43

(1.03, 1.99)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

 

4+

 

1.33

(0.95, 1.86)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

 

1

 

1.07

(0.64, 1.78)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

 

2 to 3

 

0.72

(0.45, 1.16)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

 

4+

 

1.03

(0.70, 1.51)

HR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

1.01

(0.96, 1.07)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

1.23

(1.07, 1.41)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

  

1.37

(1.07, 1.75)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

1.02

(0.92, 1.13)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

1.1

(0.93, 1.30)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

  

1.23

(0.99, 1.51)

IRR

Secondary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

No inhalation

  

1.25

(0.96, 1.62)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

Inhalation

  

1.6

(1.06, 2.41)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

No inhalation

  

0.87

(0.62, 1.22)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

Inhalation

  

0.93

(0.49, 1.75)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

  

<25

1.03

(0.64, 1.65)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 30–74 years)

  

25+

1.42

(1.11, 1.82)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

  

<25

0.75

(0.28, 2.00)

HR

Primary

Jacobs1999

CPS-II (age 75+ years)

  

25+

0.95

(0.70, 1.28)

HR

Primary

  1. *Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.