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Table 12 Current cigar smoking and pancreatic cancer by inhalation level, cigars per day, and duration

From: Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality

Study

Cohort name

Inhalation level

Cigars per day

Duration (years)

Effect estimate

95% CI

Measure

Primary/secondary*

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

1.18

(0.69, 1.89)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

1.51

(0.86, 2.45)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

2.21

(1.40, 3.32)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

1 to 2

 

0.56

(0.06, 2.01)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

3 to 4

 

1.9

(0.82, 3.74)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

 

5+

 

3.71

(1.78, 6.83)

IRR

Secondary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

 

1 to 2

 

0.6

(0.30, 1.40)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

 

3+

 

1.6

(1.00, 2.50)

HR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

1.55

(1.12, 2.07)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

2.16

(0.99, 4.10)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

2.26

(0.45, 6.60)

IRR

Primary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

None

  

1.55

(0.80, 2.72)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Slight

  

1.92

(0.52, 4.92)

IRR

Secondary

Shanks1998

CPS-I

Moderate-deep

 

2.53

(0.51, 7.39)

IRR

Secondary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

No inhalation

 

0.9

(0.50, 1.50)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

Inhalation

  

2.7

(1.50, 4.80)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

  

<25

1.5

(0.70, 3.30)

HR

Primary

Shapiro2000

CPS-II

  

25+

1.1

(0.70, 1.80)

HR

Primary

  1. *Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.