Table 1 Characteristics by family influence group (N = 7286)*
Verbal encouragement (days/week) | Watching (days/week) | Involvement (days/week) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than weekly | 1-2 | 3-4 | 5-7 | P | Less than weekly | 1-2 | 3-4 | 5-7 | P | Less than weekly | 1-2 | 3-4 | 5-7 | P | |
N | 878 | 1670 | 1417 | 3321 | 2617 | 2527 | 1028 | 1114 | 2643 | 2829 | 926 | 888 | |||
Grade, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
Grade 7 | |||||||||||||||
359 (40.9) | 770(46.1) | 684 (48.3) | 1901 (57.2) | <0.001 | 1083 (41.4) | 1345 (53.2) | 612 (59.5) | 674 (60.5) | <0.001 | 1037 (39.2) | 1523 (53.8) | 576 (62.2) | 578 (65.1) | <0.001 | |
Grade 9 | |||||||||||||||
519 (59.1) | 900(53.9) | 733 (51.7) | 1420 (42.8) | 1534 (58.6) | 1182 (46.8) | 416 (40.5) | 440 (39.5) | 1606 (60.8) | 1306 (46.2) | 350 (37.8) | 310 (34.9) | ||||
Mother’s level of education, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
Low | |||||||||||||||
319 (36.3) | 552 (33.1) | 421 (29.7) | 848 (25.5) | <0.001 | 903 (34.5) | 709 (28.1) | 248 (24.1) | 280 (25.1) | <0.001 | 912 (34.5) | 752 (26.6) | 247 (26.7) | 229 (25.8) | <0.001 | |
Middle | |||||||||||||||
218 (24.8) | 403 (24.1) | 358 (25.3) | 763 (23.0) | 644 (24.6) | 616 (24.4) | 232 (22.6) | 250 (22.4) | 667 (25.2) | 663 (23.4) | 210 (22.7) | 202 (22.7) | ||||
High | |||||||||||||||
295 (33.6) | 641 (38.4) | 589 (41.6) | 1575 (47.4) | 948 (36.2) | 1103 (43.6) | 506 (49.2) | 543 (48.7) | 946 (35.8) | 1302 (46.0) | 431 (46.5) | 421 (47.4) | ||||
Not sure | |||||||||||||||
46 (5.2) | 74 (4.4) | 49 (3.5) | 135 (4.1) | 122 (4.7) | 99 (3.9) | 42 (4.1) | 41 (3.7) | 118 (4.5) | 112 (4.0) | 38 (4.1) | 36 (4.1) | ||||
BMI (kg/m 2 ), \( \overline{\mathrm{X}}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{d} \) | |||||||||||||||
20.0 ± 3.0 | 19.9 ± 3.2 | 20.1 ± 3.3 | 20.3 ± 3.6 | 0.127 | 20.3 ± 3.4 | 20.0 ± 3.3 | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 0.003 | 20.3 ± 3.3 | 20.0 ± 3.4 | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 19.9 ± 3.4 | <0.001 | |
MVPA status, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
7 days/wk | |||||||||||||||
283(32.2) | 364(21.8) | 365(25.8) | 1260(37.9) | <0.001 | 776(29.7) | 642(25.4) | 313(30.4) | 541(48.6) | <0.001 | 770(29.1) | 782(27.6) | 280(30.2) | 440(49.5) | <0.001 | |
At least 60 minutes/day | |||||||||||||||
168(19.1) | 172(10.3) | 169(11.9) | 557(16.8) | <0.001 | 419(16.0) | 278(11.0) | 131(12.7) | 238(21.4) | 0.007 | 422(16.0) | 341(12.1) | 104(11.2) | 199(22.4) | 0.001 | |
At least 60 minutes/day, 7 days/wk | |||||||||||||||
99(11.3) | 86(5.1) | 92(6.5) | 376(11.3) | <0.001 | 246(9.4) | 147(5.8) | 75(7.3) | 185(16.6) | <0.001 | 247(9.3) | 182(6.4) | 60(6.5) | 164(18.5) | <0.001 | |
Sedentary behaviours (no more than 2 hours), n (%) | |||||||||||||||
On school days | |||||||||||||||
721(82.1) | 1445(86.5) | 1250(88.2) | 3019(90.9) | <0.001 | 2266(86.6) | 2252(89.1) | 915(89.0) | 1002(89.9) | 0.004 | 2286(86.5) | 2537(89.7) | 813(87.8) | 799(90.0) | 0.015 | |
On weekends | |||||||||||||||
296(33.7) | 614(36.8) | 497(35.1) | 1409(42.4) | <0.001 | 905(34.6) | 989(39.1) | 395(38.4) | 527(47.3) | <0.001 | 906(34.3) | 1091(38.6) | 385(41.6) | 434(48.9) | <0.001 | |
During the week | |||||||||||||||
638(72.7) | 1354(81.1) | 1170(82.6) | 2881(86.8) | <0.001 | 2073(79.2) | 2125(84.1) | 880(85.6) | 965(86.6) | <0.001 | 2081(78.7) | 2408(85.1) | 784(84.7) | 770(86.7) | <0.001 | |
Health belief (at least 60 minutes/day), n (%) | |||||||||||||||
293(33.4) | 533(31.9) | 435(30.7) | 1313(39.5) | <0.001 | 903(34.5) | 808(32.0) | 397(38.6) | 466(41.8) | <0.001 | 944(35.7) | 957(33.8) | 322(34.8) | 351(39.5) | 0.071 | |
Opinion of neighbourhood environment, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
Busy traffic | |||||||||||||||
114(13) | 188(11.3) | 140(9.9) | 286(8.6) | <0.001 | 304(11.6) | 256(10.1) | 81(7.9) | 87(7.8) | <0.001 | 296(11.2) | 287(10.1) | 74(8.0) | 71(8.0) | <0.001 | |
Easily available parks or gyms | |||||||||||||||
499(56.8) | 998(59.8) | 927(65.4) | 2385(71.8) | <0.001 | 1564(59.8) | 1678(66.4) | 726(70.6) | 841(75.5) | <0.001 | 1602(60.6) | 1870(66.1) | 654(70.6) | 683(76.9) | <0.001 | |
Safe during the day | |||||||||||||||
594(67.7) | 1172(70.2) | 1043(73.6) | 2614(78.7) | <0.001 | 1860(71.1) | 1896(75) | 794(77.2) | 873(78.4) | <0.001 | 1875(70.9) | 2133(75.4) | 72478.2) | 691(77.8) | <0.001 | |