Household food insecurity, diet, and weight status in a disadvantaged district of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Food insecurity by socio-demographic characteristics among households in District Eight in HCMC (n = 250)

Characteristics	Food insecurity status
	Food insecure (%)	Food secure (%)	P value**	OR (95% CI)
Age ^† ^†			0.01*
18-44	32.5	51.2		1.00
45-64	52.3	41.4		1.63 (0.68-3.94)
≥65	15.1	7.3		1.71 (0.91-4.02)
Gender			0.18
Male	23.0	77.0
Female	36.2	63.8
Education ^†			0.00*
Never went to school	4.2	6.8		1.38 (1.09-1.83)
Completed primary school	38.6	21.9		1.41 (1.22-1.63)
Completed secondary school	44.3	39.0		1.27 (1.12-1.44)
Completed high school or above	10.2	34.7		1.00
Ethnicity			0.83
Kinh	34.0	66.0
Others	40.0	60.0
Settlement time ^‡			0.02*
≤10 years	82.6	69.5		2.13 (1.08-4.31)
>10 years	30.5	17.4		1.00
Employment			0.25
Family size			0.95
Living arrangement			0.19
Total income by urban poverty lines			0.18
Total household income by house items ^§			0.00*
Low	100.0	0.0		7.28 (2.99-17.69)
Medium	44.0	60.5		3.14 (1.24-4.33)
High	6.7	93.3		1.00

*Significant at p < 0.05.
**P-value for chi-square (difference between food secure and food insecure households).
^†^†Adjusted for education.
^†Adjusted for age and total income.
^‡Adjusted for age.
^§Adjusted for age and education.

ISSN: 1471-2458