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Table 2 Summary of multilevel regression analysis examining associations between social factors and non-smoking intentions and refusal self-efficacy

From: Influence of family and friend smoking on intentions to smoke and smoking-related attitudes and refusal self-efficacy among 9–10 year old children from deprived neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional study

 

Non-smoking intentions

Refusal self-efficacy

β (95% CI)

P value

β (95% CI)

P value

Boys

    

Mother smoking

-0.03 (-0.20, 0.14)

0.70

-0.40 (-0.98, 0.18)

0.18

Father smoking

0.02 (-0.15, 0.18)

0.86

-0.25 (-0.74, 0.25)

0.33

Sibling smoking

0.32 (0.05, 0.60)

0.02*

-0.49 (-1.33, 0.36)

0.26

Friend smoking

-0.57 (-0.77, -0.37)

<0.01*

-0.57 (-1.18, 0.04)

0.07

Girls

 

Mother smoking

-0.04 (-0.15, 0.08)

0.53

-0.02 (-0.52, 0.49)

0.94

Father smoking

-0.01 (-0.13, 0.10)

0.81

-0.32 (-0.81, 0.17)

0.19

Sibling smoking

-0.38 (-0.55, -0.21)

<0.01*

0.43 (-0.33, 1.19)

0.26

Friend smoking

-0.33 (-0.49, -0.17)

<0.01*

-1.14 (-1.86, -0.42)

<0.01*

  1. Notes: β, Beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval; (†) at least one friend smokes or tried. Beta (95% CI) values reflect the associations between mother, father, sibling and friends smoking and (a) non-smoking intentions or (b) refusal self-efficacy. All models were adjusted for school and deprivation level; non-smoking intention models were also adjusted for refusal self-efficacy and attitudes towards smoking; refusal-self-efficacy models were also adjusted for non-smoking intentions and attitudes towards smoking. *Significant association (P < 0.05).