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Table 3 Risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection in magazines before vs after 2006 IARC report

From: Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in North American magazines before and after the landmark 2006 International Agency for Research on Cancer report

Variable

Content type

Before IARC report

After IARC report

χ2(df = 1) and significance

 

Text (n = 755)

%

(No./349)a

%

(No./406)a

 
 

Image (n = 1267)

%

(No./553)a

%

(No./714)a

 

Skin cancer risk factors

UV exposure

Text

39

(137)

40

(163)

0.06, p = .803

 

Image

4

(21)

3

(21)

0.71, p = .398

Light skin

Text

15

(51)

12

(50)

0.86. p = .355

 

Image

11

(62)

15

(109)

4.39, p = .036*

Moles

Text

10

(33)

13

(52)

2.11, p = .146

 

Image

6

(31)

5

(35)

0.31, p = .576

History of skin cancer

Text

8

(28)

10

(41)

0.97, p = .324

 

Image

0

(0)

0

(0)

n/a

Sunburns

Text

10

(34)

11

(44)

0.24, p = .622

 

Image

<1

(3)

1

(9)

1.71, p = .191

UV behaviors

Tanned look

Text

36

(125)

25

(103)

9.72, p = .002**

 

Image

45

(250)

37

(262)

9.38, p = .002**

Self-tanners

Text

31

(107)

22

(89)

7.46, p = .006**

 

Image

21

(116)

13

(89)

16.65, p < .001***

Solar UV avoidance

Text

19

(65)

12

(48)

6.82, p = .009**

 

Image

12

(64)

14

(104)

1.82, p = .177

Discourages indoor tanning

Text

16

(54)

18

(71)

0.55, p = .458

 

Image

1

(5)

1

(7)

0.02, p = .889

Promotes indoor tanning

Text

2

(6)

2

(7)

0.00, p = .996

 

Image

2

(10)

3

(14)

0.04, p = .843

Promotes shade

Text

8

(28)

8

(33)

0.00, p = .958

 

Image

8

(46)

7

(48)

1.16, p = .282

Promotes hats

Text

16

(54)

14

(58)

0.21, p = .647

 

Image

10

(53)

9

(61)

0.41, p = .521

Promotes clothes

Text

14

(48)

13

(52)

0.15, p = .702

 

Image

9

(48)

8

(54)

0.53, p = .469

Promotes sunscreen

Text

57

(199)

69

(280)

11.55, p < .001***

 

Image

19

(104)

22

(154)

1.47, p = .226

SPF level (30+)b

Text

39

(69)

60

(127)

15.65, p < .001***

 

Image

61

(45)

82

(90)

9.99, p = .002**

Early detection

ABCD criteria

Text

5

(19)

7

(30)

1.17, p = .279

 

Image

2

(10)

2

(11)

0.13, p = .724

Skin self-examination

Text

16

(54)

19

(75)

1.19, p = .287

 

Image

6

(35)

6

(45)

0.02, p = .903

Physician-led skin examination

Text

18

(62)

21

(85)

1.20, p = .311

 

Image

1

(6)

1

(6)

0.20, p = .656

  1. * = < .05; ** = p < .01; *** = p < .001; n/a = not applicable.
  2. aDenominator = total number of articles or images on skin cancer and tanning published in the six years before (2001–2006) or after (2007–2012) the IARC report in 29 popular magazines.
  3. bArticles and images not indicating a specific SPF level were excluded.
  4. ABCD = asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter.