Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI of risk factors for obesity across socioeconomic status (SES) by gender and age groups among enrolled adult participants of ages 18 to 80 years in rural Hanzhong, Shaanxi province in 2010 ^ab

Female

Annual net income per capita

   Medium

0.93 (0.71, 1.21)

1.27 (0.99, 1.65)*

1.89 (0.76, 4.69)

0.74 (0.18, 3.11)

1.52 (1.12, 2.06)*

   High

0.60 (0.46, 0.77)*

1.30 (1.01, 1.67)

1.40 (0.54, 3.59)

1.02 (0.26, 3.93)

2.18 (1.63, 2.93)*

Level of education

   Medium

1.08 (0.82, 1.43)

1.13 (0.86, 1.47)

1.01 (0.41, 2.47)

0.15 (0.02, 1.29)

1.12 (0.81, 1.56)*

   High

0.59 (0.46, 0.76)*

1.88 (1.48, 2.40)*

0.76 (0.33, 1.75)

0.48 (0.15, 1.56)

1.47 (1.11, 1.95)*

Male

Annual net income per capita

   Medium

1.13 (0.80, 1.60)

1.47 (1.03, 2.09)*

1.14 (0.73, 1.79)

1.21 (0.87, 1.70)

1.29 (0.86, 1.93)

   High

0.60 (0.44, 0.82)*

1.37 (0.99, 1.90)

1.49 (0.99, 2.24)

1.25 (0.91, 1.71)

2.27 (1.58, 3.25)*

Level of education

   Medium

1.07 (0.68, 1.67)

1.10 (0.71, 1.69)

1.56 (0.90, 2.72)

1.22 (0.79, 1.86)

1.30 (0.76, 2.22)

   High

0.53 (0.36, 0.77)*

1.73 (1.20, 2.51)*

1.42 (0.87, 2.31)

1.12 (0.78, 1.61)

2.16 (1.38, 3.38)*

Gender differences

   Men

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Women

1.22 (1.03, 1.44)*

0.71 (0.60, 0.85)*

0.10 (0.07, 0.14)*

0.003 (0.002, 0.006)*

1.19 (0.99, 1.42)

The youngest participants

Annual net income per capita

   Medium

0.60 (0.39, 0.93)*

1.32 (0.86, 2.02)

0.80 (0.37, 1.68)

1.28 (0.65, 2.53)

1.17 (0.75, 1.81)

   High

0.36 (0.23, 0.54)*

1.42 (0.94, 2.15)

1.48 (0.75, 2.90)

1.27 (0.67, 2.42)

1.72 (1.13, 2.62)*

Level of education

   Medium

0.89 (0.51, 1.57)

1.70 (1.01, 2.85)*

2.05 (0.72, 5.87)

0.89 (0.29, 2.71)

0.89 (0.52, 1.53)

   High

0.36 (0.22, 0.60)*

2.11 (1.32, 3.35)*

1.08 (0.40, 2.94)

0.53 (0.19, 1.46)

1.34 (0.83, 2.17)

The oldest participants

Annual net income per capita

   Medium

1.16 (0.84, 1.60)

1.51 (1.10, 2.09)*

2.20 (1.13, 4.27)*

1.67 (1.03, 2.70)*

1.69 (1.12, 2.56)*

   High

0.94 (0.69, 1.27)

1.37 (1.00, 1.87)*

1.39 (0.69, 2.80)

1.42 (0.90, 2.24)

2.23 (1.52, 3.27)*

Level of education

   Medium

1.13 (0.82, 1.57)

1.12 (0.82, 1.53)

0.82 (0.40, 1.72)

0.70 (0.43, 1.15)

1.51 (1.00, 2.29)

   High

0.57 (0.41, 0.79)*

1.77 (1.27, 2.46)*

1.05 (0.54, 2.03)

0.65 (0.41, 1.03)

2.44 (1.64, 3.64)*

Difference by age groups

   The youngest participants

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   The medium participants

1.91 (1.58, 2.31)*

0.74 (0.61, 0.90)*

0.88 (0.64, 1.20)

1.09 (0.89, 1.35)

0.78 (0.65, 0.95)*

   The oldest participants

1.27 (1.07, 1.52)*

0.39 (0.32, 0.47)*

0.55 (0.39, 0.78)*

0.94 (0.76, 1.17)

0.43 (0.35, 0.53)*