Skip to main content

Table 2 Sex and education-stratified observed and modelled ǂ (between parenthesis) differences in current smoking and ever smoking between successive and non-successive generations

From: Generation shifts in smoking over 20 years in two Dutch population-based cohorts aged 20–100 years

Differences between generations

20-29

30-39

40-49

55-59

60-69

20-29

30-39

vs

vs

vs

vs

vs

vs

vs

30-391

40-491

50-591

60-692

70-792

40-493

50-593

Difference (%) at age

35

45

55

65

75

45

55

Men overall

       

Current smoking

−5.6 (−3.8)4

−5.0 (−3.0)

−3.8 (−4.3)*

−1.7 (+1.4)

−13.6 (−3.2)

−10.5 (−6.0) 4 *

−11.6 (−5.6)*

Ever smoking

−9.5 (−9.8)**

−2.5 (−2.6)

−1.5 (−1.4)

−1.0 (+0.1)

+1.0 (+2.3)

−15.3 (−11.0)**

−7.0 (−4.6)*

Men by education

Low

       

Current smoking

−0.3 (+1.5)

+0.6 (+3.2)

−11.2 (−10.3)**

−1.6 (+2.1)

−18.7 (−4.8)

+0.1 (+5.0)

−13.1 (−6.0)

Ever smoking

+4.5 (+1.7)

−3.5 (−2.4)

−0.4 (−0.9)

−8.8 (−6.9)

+3.2 (+3.6)

−2.4 (−0.1)

−7.0 (−3.7)

Middle

       

Current smoking

−5.1 (−4.1)

−5.3 (−4.0)

+1.7 (+0.6)b

+7.4 (+6.7)a

−1.6 (+2.0)

−9.2 (−7.4)* b

−7.1 (−1.7)

Ever smoking

−10.6 (−13.8)** b

+0.5 (−1.9)

−5.6 (−4.8)

+8.2 (+8.4)ab

+0.4 (+1.8)

−16.1 (−13.9)** b

−6.3 (−7.3)

High

       

Current smoking

−10.3 (−9.6)* c

−7.2 (−6.8)* c

+8.6 (+4.9)c

−14.2 (−7.6)a

−18.6 (−6.5)*a

−21.4 (−14.6)** c

−2.9 (+0.4)

Ever smoking

−24.3 (−21.3)** c

−0.4 (−1.1)

+3.4 (+3.5)

+1.2 (+1.9)a

+0.5 (+2.6)a

−26.3 (−21.2)** c

−3.9 (+1.5)

Women overall

       

Current smoking

−7.3 (−6.2)*

−2.8 (−1.9)

−0.2 (−0.1)

−2.9 (+0.6)

+0.9 (+4.4)

−11.8 (−6.6)*

−4.3 (+0.3)

Ever smoking

−10.1 (−10.9)**

+13.4 (+12.4)**

+21.9 (+20.6)**

+15.7 (+12.6)*

+15.1 (+16.7)**

−2.1 (+0.7)

+28.5 (+31.1)**

Women by education

Low

       

Current smoking

−2.2 (−0.4)

−3.7 (−1.4)

+1.6 (+2.4)

+1.6 (+5.4)

−0.9 (+2.9)

−6.7 (−0.8)

−2.2 (+3.4)

Ever smoking

−1.3 (−3.5)

+16.8 (+15.9)**

+20.7 (+22.7)**

+20.0 (+17.5)*

+12.3 (+16.3)**

+7.3 (+11.1)*

+36.5 (+36.1)**

Middle

       

Current smoking

−11.3 (−11.2)** b

+3.5 (+1.2)

−5.3 (−7.7)b

−15.6 (−11.2)* ab

+3.7 (+6.5)

−10.9 (−7.9)*

−8.4 (−4.7)

Ever smoking

−17.1 (−18.1)**

+11.9 (+9.9)*

+22.6 (+16.6)*

+7.4 (+2.7)a

+17.3 (+15.0)*

−8.5 (−9.1)* b

+24.5 (+24.3)**

High

       

Current smoking

−5.6 (−4.4)

−2.0 (−2.0)

+3.7 (+2.4)

+2.1 (+0.4)a

+6.5 (+9.3)a

−8.7 (−5.1)

+0.7 (+2.3)

Ever smoking

−12.2 (−11.8)*

+7.7 (+7.6)

+20.3 (+10.8)

−0.8 (−5.2)a

+23.6 (+22.9)a

−9.3 (−5.9)c

+17.5 (+16.5)* c

  1. 1The oldest generation reached a mean age of 35, 45 or 55 years in 1987–1991 and the youngest generation in 1998–2002.
  2. 2The oldest generation reached a mean age of 65 or 75 years in 1992–1993 and the youngest generation in 2001–2002.
  3. 3The oldest generation reached a mean age of 45 or 55 years in 1987–1991 and the youngest generation in 2008–2012.
  4. 4A negative difference in current or ever smoking between two generations indicates that the younger generation smoked less often than the older one.
  5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
  6. aComparison based on groups with less than 50 observations.
  7. bDifference in smoking prevalence between generations differed significantly between the middle educated compared to the low educated (tested by interaction education*generation).
  8. cDifference in smoking prevalence between generations differed significantly between high educated compared to low educated (tested by interaction education*generation).
  9. ǂModel: For current smoking and ever smoking a logistic random effect model was fitted with generation, education, age, age*generation and education*generation.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us