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Table 5 Multivariate models examining relationships between religiosity and tobacco use in males

From: Religious involvement and tobacco use in mainland China: a preliminary study

 

Total male#n = 1,042B (SE)

Muslim n = 433B (SE)

Non-Muslim n = 609B (SE)

Current smoking

   

Religious attendance

−0.34 (0.07)***

−0.31 (0.07)***

−0.08 (0.16)

Model R-square

0.10

0.08

0.03

Importance of religion

−0.19 (0.07)**

−0.28 (0.15)

−0.13 (0.07)

Model R-square

0.08

0.06

0.03

High religiosity

−1.22 (0.21)***

−0.97 (0.23)***

−1.56 (1.13)

Model R-square

0.11

0.09

0.03

Religion affiliation

−0.01 (0.19)

−0.12 (0.47)

−0.02 (0.20)

Model R-square

0.08

0.05

0.03

Past smoking

   

Religious attendance

0.09 (0.09)

0.06 (0.10)

0.25 (0.19)

Model R-square

0.02

0.02

0.02

Importance of religion

0.08 (0.09)

0.02 (0.22)

0.09 (0.10)

Model R-square

0.02

0.02

0.02

High religiosity

0.27 (0.28)

0.25 (0.31)

0.49(1.14)

Model R-square

0.02

0.02

0.02

Religion affiliation

−0.16 (0.261)

−0.17 (0.61)

−0.12 (0.29)

Model R-square

0.02

0.02

0.02

ICD-10 of Tobacco Use Disorders

  

Religious attendance

−0.37 (0.21)

−0.38 (0.23)

−0.63 (0.82)

Model R-square

0.02

0.04

0.04

Importance of religion

0.13 (0.22)

−0.08 (0.52)

0.10 (0.24)

Model R-square

0.02

0.03

0.04

High religiosity

−0.47 (0.64)

−0.64 (0.68)

−12.87 (793.6)

Model R-square

0.02

0.03

0.04

Religion affiliation

−0.24 (0.64)

11.65 (433.4)

−0.60 (0.82)

Model R-square

0.02

0.03

0.04

  1. Model = religious variable + demographics + physical health + mental health.
  2. B = beta, SE = standard error.
  3. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
  4. #Tobacco use in females was too low to provide stable estimates.