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Table 4 Mean differences (months) a for developmental milestones in relation to maternal tertiles of CB-153 and p,p′-DDE

From: Motor development following in utero exposure to organochlorines: a follow-up study of children aged 5–9 years in Greenland, Ukraine and Poland

  

Greenland, n = 520

Ukraine, n = 492

Poland, n = 91

All, n = 1,103

  

Diff. (95% CI)

Diff. (95% CI)

ß (95% CI)b

Diff. (95% CI)

Diff. (95% CI)

ß (95% CI)b

Diff. (95% CI)

Diff. (95% CI)

ß (95% CI)b

Diff. (95% CI)

Diff. (95% CI)

β (95% CI)b

Exposure

Milestone

Medium

High

Cont.

Medium

High

Cont.

Medium

High

Cont.

Medium

High

Cont.

CB-153

Crawl

−0.1 (−0.7, 0.4)

0.0 (−0.6, 0.6)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0.2)

0.3 (−0.3, 0.8)

0.2 (−0.4, 0.8)

0.1 (−0.2, 0.5)

−1.5 (−5.5, 2.5)

−0.8 (−5.1, 3.4)

−0.1 (−2.4, 2.2)

0.2 (−0.3, 0.7)

0.1 (−0.6, 0.8)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0.2)

 

Stand-up

−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)

0.3 (−0.4, 0.9)

0.1 (−0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (−0.5, 0.9)

0.6 (−0.1, 1.3)

0.3 (−0.1, 0.7)

−0.7 (−2.7, 1.4)

1.0 (−1.4, 3.3)

0.6 (−0.7, 2.0)

0.5 (0.0, 1.0)

0.5 (−0.2, 1.1)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.4)

 

Walk

−0.3 (−0.8, 0.2)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.6)

0.0 (−0.2, 0.2)

0.0 (−0.5, 0.6)

0.3 (−0.3, 0.8)

0.1 (−0.2, 0.5)

−0.1 (−1.9, 1.7)

0.6 (−1.5, 2.7)

0.7 (−0.5, 1.9)

0.4 (0.0-0.9)

0.3 (−0.2-0.9)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.3)

p,p′-DDE

Crawl

−0.1 (−0.7, 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.5)

−0.1 (−0.3,0.1)

0.0 (−0.6, 0.5)

0.1 (−0.5, 0.7)

0.0 (−0.4, 0.4)

−1.8 (−5.7, 2.1)

−0.7 (−4.9, 3.5)

−1.1 (−3.9, 1.7)

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.4)

−0.2 (−0.8, 0.3)

−0.1 (−0.4, 0.1)

 

Stand-up

−0.2 (−0.8, 0.3)

0.2 (−0.5, 0.8)

0.0 (−0.3, 0.3)

−0.2 (−0.9, 0.5)

−0.2 (−0.9, 0.6)

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.5)

0.0 (−2.1, 2.0)

0.0 (−2.3, 2.3)

0.2 (−1.4, 1.7)

0.3 (−0.2, 0.8)

0.3 2 (−0.2, 0.8)

0.0 (−0.2, 0.3)

 

Walk

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.6, 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0.1)

−0.5 (−1.0, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.7, 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.5, 0.3)

0.6 (−1.2, 2.4)

0.6 (−1.5, 2.6)

0.5 (−0.9, 1.9)

0.3 (−0.2, 0.7)

0.1 (−0.3, 0.6)

0.0 (−0.2, 0.2)

  1. Abbreviations: CB-153 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, CI confidence interval, Cont. Continuous, Diff. adjusted mean difference (months), p,p′-DDE 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene. aAdjusted for: maternal pre-pregnancy smoking, maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol-intake, maternal education, parity, maternal age at baseline interview, breast-feeding, preterm birth, gestational age at blood-sampling, child sex and child age at interview. Low exposure is the reference group. bLog-transformed continuous exposure in linear regression analyses. Imputation-based analyses.