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Table 2 Mean mental well-being scores (WEMWBSe) by selected demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors

From: Individual socio-demographic factors and perceptions of the environment as determinants of inequalities in adolescent physical and psychological health: the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) study

 

Full sample(N)Unadjusted meanc

Analytic sample(N = 1689)Unadjusted mean

Analytic sample(N = 1689)Fully adjusted mean(95%CI)d

Demographic factors

    

Gender

    

†Male

51.6 (1692)

52.3 (898)

52.3

[51.7,52.9]

Female

50.5 (1293)***

50.8 (791)***

50.8***

[50.2,51.4]

Ethnic group

    

†White: UK

51.0 (579)

51.4 (352)

51.3

[50.4,52.3]

White: Mixed

50.9 (362)

51.3 (183)

51.4

[50.1,52.6]

Asian: Indian

51.6 (106)

52.6 (71)

52.5

[50.5,54.5]

Asian: Pakistani

49.8 (125)

49.9 (78)

50.4

[48.5,52.4]

Asian: Bangladeshi

50.9 (500)

51.5 (335)

51.3

[50.3,52.3]

Black: Caribbean

52.6 (138)

52.6 (65)

52.7

[50.6,54.8]

Black: African

52.0 (342)

51.8 (172)

51.7

[50.4,53.0]

Other

51.1 (803)

51.9 (433)

52.0

[51.1,52.8]

Nativity

    

†UK Born

51.1 (2344)

51.6 (1376)

51.6

[51.2,52.1]

Born overseas

51.3 (595)

51.6 (313)

51.5

[50.5,52.5]

Borough

    

†Newham

50.3 (856)

50.7 (421)

50.8

[50.0,51.6]

Tower Hamlets

51.7 (790)**

51.9 (476)*

51.9

[51.1,52.7]

Barking & Dagenham

51.7 (641)**

52.1 (414)*

52.5*

[51.6,53.3]

Hackney

51.1 (698)

51.5 (378)

51.1

[50.2,52.0]

Socioeconomic factors

    

Parental economic activity

    

†Both unemployed

50.7 (273)

50.8 (185)

51.0

[49.6,52.4]

One parent employed

51.1 (920)

51.7 (580)

51.9

[51.2,52.6]

Both parents employed

51.7 (1020)

51.9 (665)

51.5

[50.7,52.2]

Lone parent employed

50.4 (229)

50.6 (144)

50.7

[49.3,52.2]

Lone parent unemployed

52.0 (171)

52.3 (100)

53.2*

[51.5,55.0]

Doesn’t live with parents

47.6 (28)

49.3 (15)

49.5

[45.0,54.0]

Family affluence a

    

†Low

50.2 (302)

50.1 (179)

50.0

[48.8,51.3]

Moderate

50.8 (1527)

51.3 (906)

51.3*

[50.8,51.9]

High

51.9 (1034)**

52.5 (604)*

52.5**

[51.8,53.2]

Free school meals

    

†No meals

51.3 (1758)

51.7 (1100)

51.6

[51.0,52.1]

Receives free meals

50.8 (1173)

51.4 (589)

51.6

[50.8,52.4]

Environmental factors

    

Neighbourhood safety b

    

†Safe

52.8 (619)

53.3 (456)

52.4

[51.6,53.2]

Mixed

51.7 (762)*

51.8 (573) *

51.7

[51.0,52.4]

Not safe

50.0 (942) ***

50.3 (660) ***

50.9*

[50.2,51.6]

Neighbourhood aesthetics b

    

†Pleasant

53.8 (554)

53.8 (439)

53.6

[52.7,54.4]

Mixed

51.7 (676)***

52.0 (508)***

51.9**

[51.2,52.7]

Unpleasant

49.8 (1050)***

50.0 (742)***

50.2**

[49.5,50.8]

Neighbourhood walk-cycleabilityb

    

†Easy to walk/cycle

52.8 (478)

53.1 (367)

53.2

[52.3,54.1]

Mixed

50.8 (616)***

51.0 (487)***

51.2**

[50.5,52.0]

Not easy to walk/cycle

51.3 (1067)***

51.3 (835)**

51.1**

[50.5,51.7]

Proximity to businesses & services b

    

†Close by

52.8 (626)

53.0 (480)

52.7

[52.0,53.5]

Mixed

51.6 (809)*

51.9 (581)*

52.0

[51.3,52.7]

Far away

50.4 (890)***

50.2 (628)***

50.3**

[49.7,51.0]

Likelihood ratio test v linear regression

  

p = 1.00

 
  1. †Reference category.
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
  3. a0 to 2 items = low score; 3 to 5 items = moderate score; 6 to 9 items = high score.
  4. bIndividual items were summed were summed for each scale and split into tertiles owing to the skewed distribution.
  5. cFull sample N varies by each outcome due to missing data.
  6. dAdjusted for all demographic, socioeconomic and environmental indicators accounting for clustering within schools.
  7. eMaximum well-being score = 70.