Table 1 Sample characteristics (N = 4,469) at baseline and factors associated with weight gain, excluding participants reporting involuntary weight loss
From: Socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of weight gain in the Swiss population
All participants | Weight gain (kg/year) | Gain≥5 kg (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 4,469 | 868 | |
Age group | N (%) | Mean ± SD | N (%) |
[35-45] | 1 390 (31.1) | 0.46 ± 0.92 | 334 (24.0) |
[45-55] | 1 344 (30.1) | 0.33 ± 0.88 | 272 (20.2) |
[55-65] | 1 178 (26.4) | 0.21 ± 0.86 | 202 (17.2) |
[65–75] | 557 (12.5) | 0.06 ± 0.74 | 60 (10.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Gender | |||
Women | 2 369 (53.0) | 0.31 ± 0.92 | 461 (19.5) |
Men | 2 100 (47.0) | 0.31 ± 0.84 | 407 (19.4) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.90 | 0.95 | |
Born in Switzerland | |||
No | 1 660 (37.1) | 0.34 ± 0.85 | 340 (20.5) |
Yes | 2 809 (62.9) | 0.29 ± 0.90 | 528 (18.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.05 | 0.17 | |
Nationality | |||
Swiss | 2 809 (62.9) | 0.29 ± 0.90 | 528 (18.8) |
French | 285 (6.4) | 0.35 ± 0.77 | 54 (19.0) |
Italian | 238 (5.3) | 0.41 ± 0.87 | 56 (23.5) |
Portuguese | 226 (5.1) | 0.24 ± 0.91 | 36 (15.9) |
Spanish | 157 (3.5) | 0.36 ± 0.80 | 34 (21.7) |
Other | 754 (16.9) | 0.35 ± 0.86 | 160 (21.2) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.12 | 0.21 | |
Receiving social help | |||
No | 3 930 (87.9) | 0.30 ± 0.86 | 728 (18.5) |
Yes | 539 (12.1) | 0.37 ± 1.00 | 140 (26.0) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.06 | <0.001 | |
Marital status | |||
Living alone | 1 414 (31.7) | 0.35 ± 0.96 | 316 (22.4) |
Living in couple | 3 052 (68.3) | 0.29 ± 0.84 | 552 (18.1) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.05 | <0.001 | |
Educational level | |||
Primary | 755 (16.9) | 0.30 ± 0.98 | 150 (19.9) |
Apprenticeship | 1 579 (35.3) | 0.29 ± 0.92 | 324 (20.5) |
Secondary school | 1 158 (25.9) | 0.31 ± 0.86 | 217 (18.7) |
University | 977 (21.9) | 0.32 ± 0.76 | 177 (18.1) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.84 | 0.44 | |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 1 848 (41.4) | 0.29 ± 0.85 | 312 (16.9) |
Former | 1 513 (33.9) | 0.26 ± 0.84 | 274 (18.1) |
Current | 1 108 (24.8) | 0.41 ± 0.97 | 282 (25.5) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Physical activity | |||
No | 2 018 (45.2) | 0.35 ± 0.95 | 457 (22.7) |
Yes | 2 451 (54.8) | 0.27 ± 0.82 | 411 (16.8) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.005 | <0.001 | |
Body mass index categories | |||
Normal | 2 192 (49.1) | 0.35 ± 0.70 | 366 (16.7) |
Overweight | 1 651 (36.9) | 0.29 ± 0.85 | 343 (20.8) |
Obese | 626 (14.0) | 0.22 ± 1.37 | 159 (25.4) |
p-value comparing groups | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
Abdominal obesity | |||
No | 3 220 (72.1) | 0.34 ± 0.74 | 583 (18.1) |
Yes | 1 249 (28.0) | 0.22 ± 1.16 | 285 (22.8) |
p-value comparing groups | <0.001 | <0.001 | |