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Table 2 Differences between schools that participate in few (02) and many (≥3) health promoting activities during the preceding 23 years

From: Health promotion in primary and secondary schools in Denmark: time trends and associations with schools’ and students’ characteristics

 

2006(n=74)

2010(n=69)

 

Number of health promoting activities

 

0-2(n=27)

≥3(n=47)

p-value

0-2(n=27)

≥3(n=42)

p-value

OR

95%CI††

School compositional characteristics

Number of pupils at the schools (mean, SD)

381 (208)

339 (200)

0.395

264 (184)

329 (232)

0.232

1.0

0.99-1.0

Number of teachers at the schools (mean, SD)

36 (20)

31 (19)

0.280

25 (17)

29 (23)

0.350

1.0

0.98-1.0

Number of students per teacher (mean, SD)

11 (2)

11 (3)

0.331

11 (2)

11 (3)

0.847

1.1

0.9-1.2

Ethnic minorities (mean %, SD)

11% (21)

10% (20)

0.931

4% (6)

9% (16)

0.064

1.0

0.99-1.0

Facilities for health promotion projects

School facilities correspond to the school’s needs

        

  Outdoor areas

48%

47%

0.912

44%

55%

0.403

0.8

0.4-1.7

  Access to (healthy) food

22%

17%

0.582

15%

28%

0.202

0.8

0.3-1.9

  Dining hall

19%

9%

0.218

7%

10%

0.715

1.5

0.6-4.3

  Gym or sports center

78%

62%

0.155

33%

49%

0.208

1.0

0.5-2.0

  Equipment for sports

52%

49%

0.809

30%

32%

0.856

1.0

0.5-2.0

Competing problems

Problems at the school (mean score, SD)

   

12 (3)

11 (3)

0.568

0.9

0.8-1.1

Problems in the neighborhood (mean score, SD)

   

10 (2)

9 (2)

0.604

0.9

0.7-1.2

Resources

Social climate among teachers

     

0.833

  

  Very good

   

56%

52%

 

1.0

 

  Good

   

41%

41%

 

1.1

0.4-2.9

  Fairly good

   

4%

7%

 

2.0

0.2-21.6

Social climate among students

     

0.838

  

  Very good

   

22%

29%

 

1.0

 

  Good

   

67%

62%

 

0.7

0.2-2.3

  Fairly good

   

11%

10%

 

0.7

0.1-4.0

Resources in the local area (mean score, SD)

   

11 (2)

12 (2)

0.453

1.1

0.8-1.5

Affluence of school neighborhood

     

0.471

  

  Very/somewhat affluent

   

19%

13%

 

1.0

 

  Like the average

   

56%

48%

 

1.3

0.3-5.2

  Not at all/not so affluent

   

26%

40%

 

2.3

0.5-10.5

Behavioral characteristics of the students*

Fruit daily (mean %, SD)

42% (10)

43% (8)

0.723

51% (12)

49% (11)

0.741

1.0

0.97-1.03

Vegetables daily (mean %, SD)

36% (10)

38% (9)

0.370

43% (11)

43% (12)

0.710

1.0

0.98-1.05

Sweets ≤1 time/week (mean %, SD)

39% (12)

44% (10)

0.047

48% (11)

48% (15)

0.877

1.0

0.99-1.04

Soft drinks ≤1 time/week (mean %, SD)

55% (14)

57% (9)

0.510

58% (12)

62% (13)

0.162

1.0

0.99-1.1

Physically active ≥4 times/week (mean %, SD)

39% (8)

42% (10)

0.168

35% (9)

33% (9)

0.385

1.0

0.98-1.04

Non-smokers (mean %, SD)

90% (7)

91% (5)

0.485

94% (6)

92% (7)

0.403

1.0

0.9-1.1

Not been bullied (mean %, SD)

76% (8)

74% (9)

0.374

80% (8)

78% (8)

0.424

1.0

0.9-1.02

No binge-drinking (mean %, SD)**

45% (15)

43% (20)

0.707

71% (20)

68% (15)

0.530

1.0

0.98-1.01

No sexual intercourse (mean %, SD)**

65% (12)

60% (14)

0.182

59% (12)

64% (14)

0.232

1.0

0.97-1.03

  1. None of the participants used the response options ‘Poor’ or ‘Very poor’.
  2. *Expressed as mean percentage, calculated as the sum of the percentage of students eating fruit daily at each school divided by the number of schools, and similarly for the remaining behavioral characteristics.
  3. **Only obtained from 9th graders.
  4. OR = Odds ratio. The ORs express the association between each of the independent variables and the participation in many (≥3) health promoting activities.
  5. ††95% CI = 95% Confidence Intervals.