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Table 2 Site specific demographics, all participants with valid physical activity and socioeconomic data (N = 2,101)

From: Association of car ownership and physical activity across the spectrum of human development: Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS)

 

USA

Seychelles

Jamaica

South Africa

Ghana

p-value across sites

(n = 427)

(n = 415)

(n = 379)

(n = 469)

(n = 411)

PPI adjusted Gross National Income (GNI)1 per capita in US$

50,861

21,340

8,170

11,640

3,340

 

Human Development Index (HDI), 2010

0.934

0.799

0.727

0.621

0.540

 

Age (SD)

35.5 (6.3)

36 (5.6)

34.6 (6.1)

33.6 (5.8)

34.6 (6.6)

<0.001

Male sex (%)

48.0

48.7

51.2

47.8

42.3

0.15

Body mass index (kg/m2) (SD)

32.1 (8.7)

26.8 (5.4)

26.3 (6.3)

27.5 (8.2)

24.1 (4.4)

<0.001

Obese (BMI > =30) (%)

53.6

23.9

25.6

31.8

9.5

<0.001

Years of education (SD)

13.3 (2.2)

12.9 (2.3)

10.7 (2.0)

9.8 (2.3)

8.4 (4.0)

<0.001

Household income1 per person in US$ (SD2)

11,652 (10,700)

10,779 (7,505)

7,042 (8,761)

886 (1,251)

1,272 (6,205)

<0.001

Proportion in relative poverty3 (%)

89.7

59.5

49.6

98.5

85.6

<0.001

Manual laborer or farmer (%)

48.7

41.4

63.9

87.4

75.7

<0.001

  1. 1PPI = purchasing power parity in 2011, in US dollars per year. See http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD for national average based on PPI.
  2. 2Standard deviation for imputed income based on weighted average across 10 imputed datasets; inverse variance used for weights.
  3. 3Proportion falling below half PPI-GNP per capita.