Table 3 Motivation sub-scales according to age group and gender

Mastery

20.90 ± 3.03*

17.71 ± 4.05*

20.61 ± 3.42*

18.30 ± 3.94*

Enjoyment

21.17 ± 2.92*

19.79 ± 3.42*

20.93 ± 3.03*

19.77 ± 3.37*

Psychological condition

20.08 ± 3.21*

21.64 ± 3.02*

19.89 ± 3.16*

20.80 ± 20.8*

Physical condition

20.42 ± 3.47*

20.22 ± 3.33*

19.86 ± 3.76*

20.84 ± 2.91*

Appearance

18.76 ± 4.25*

18.86 ± 3.93*

18.28 ± 4.27*

20.37 ± 3.86*

Others’ expectation

15.41 ± 4.54

16.19 ± 4.87

16.61 ± 4.59

14.84 ± 4.65

Affiliation

19.89 ± 3.37*

17.49 ± 4.34*

19.67 ± 3.58

17.95 ± 4.24

Competition/Ego

18.47 ± 4.43*

16.22 ± 4.79*

19.31 ± 4.15*

15.53 ± 4.53*