Syndromic surveillance system characteristics | National model†| Local model‡ | Integrated subnational model§ |
---|---|---|---|
Simplicity and costs of setup | ++ | + | -- |
Simplicity of access to subnational data sources | -- | + | + |
Stability: Potential of single system failure in times of crisis | -- | -- | ++ |
Acceptance and utilization of syndromic surveillance results at subnational level | -- | ++ | ++ |
Flexibility of adjustment to local events/priorities | -- | ++ | ++ |
Data protection problems | -- | ++ | ++ |
Data quality | -- | ++ | ++ |
Validity: Interpretation of signals including false alerts (signal-to-noise problem) | -- | + | + |
Validity: Small-number problem in detecting local events | -- | -- | -- |
Validity: Detection of events covering multiple local jurisdictions | + | -- | + |
Representativeness of whole country | + | -- | ++ |
Comparability of surveillance results across multiple subnational jurisdictions | ++ | -- | + |
Transferability between subnational jurisdictions | + | -- | + |
Clinical resource and quality management in health care institutions | -- | + | + |
Crisis preparedness of health care institutions | -- | + | + |