| |
Never Wheezers Never Asthmatics (NWNA)
|
Active Asthmatics (AA)
|
|---|
|
n = 671
|
n = 69
|
|---|
|
Variable
| |
Mean 25(OH)D levels (SD)
|
p-value
†
|
Mean 25(OH)D levels (SD)
|
p-value
†
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
23.87 (6.62)
|
<0.01
|
21.70 (5.20)
|
0.48
|
|
Female
|
22.23 (6.19)
|
20.71 (5.92)
|
|
Season
|
Autumn
|
25.86 (6.73)
|
0.03
|
26.80 (2.55)
|
0.49
|
|
Winter
|
22.73 (6.51)
|
20.91 (5.43)
|
|
Spring
|
22.61 (6.10)
|
21.01 (5.72)
|
|
Sun exposure in Summer
|
<1 hour
|
22.05 (6.05)
|
0.25
|
16.33 (6.23)
|
0.09
|
|
1-2 hours
|
22.58 (7.13)
|
21.08 (8.45)
|
|
2-3 hours
|
22.57 (6.25)
|
19.78 (5.97)
|
|
3-4 hours
|
23.07 (5.88)
|
21.94 (4.47)
|
|
>4 hours
|
23.22 (6.63)
|
22.00 (5.34)
|
|
Sun exposure in Winter
|
<1 hour
|
22.16 (6.62)
|
<0.01
|
17.63 (6.18)
|
0.18
|
|
1-2 hours
|
22.31 (6.06)
|
22.34 (5.100
|
|
2-3 hours
|
23.69 (6.67)
|
20.01 (5.53)
|
|
3-4 hours
|
23.98 (5.83)
|
22.68 (6.12)
|
|
>4 hours
|
25.13 (7.52)
|
22.18 (3.20)
|
|
Use of sun protection
|
Never/rarely
|
22.75 (6.10)
|
0.36
|
20.49 (6.99)
|
0.94
|
|
Occasionally
|
22.88 (6.88)
|
22.11 (4.42)
|
|
Most of the time
|
22.16 (5.79)
|
18.69 (5.14)
|
|
Almost always/Always
|
23.93 (6.54)
|
21.73 (6.08)
|
|
Skin type
|
Olive
|
23.42 (8.84)
|
0.04
|
23.95 (0.78)
|
0.01
|
|
Olive/Medium
|
22.48 (6.23)
|
22.15 (5.00)
|
|
Medium/Fair
|
23.83 (6.59)
|
18.47 (6.55)
|
|
Fair
|
24.30 (5.37)
|
16.30 (0)
|
|
Exercise level (IPAQ)
|
Low
|
22.75 (6.57)
|
0.40
|
21.13 (6.14)
|
0.81
|
|
Moderate
|
22.88 (6.23)
|
21.06 (5.25)
|
|
High
|
23.47 (6.07)
|
22.05 (5.27)
|
|
Parental education
|
Elementary
|
22.68 (7.44)
|
0.62
|
22.20 (3.05)
|
0.87
|
|
Secondary
|
22.99 (6.50)
|
20.80 (5.38)
|
|
Tertiary
|
22.65 (6.16)
|
21.48 (6.28)
|
|
Smoking status
|
No
|
22.86 (6.75)
|
0.06
|
21.27 (5.68)
|
0.69
|
|
Yes
|
24.54 (6.83)
| |
20.52 (5.36)
| |
|
Body fat percent
|
Quartile 1
|
23.48 (6.30)
|
0.02
|
22.23 (5.68)
|
0.33
|
|
Quartile 2
|
23.42 (7.08)
|
21.45 (4.66)
|
|
Quartile 3
|
23.07 (5.91)
|
20.72 96.17)
|
|
Quartile 4
|
21.78 (6.23)
|
20.38 (6.08)
|
|
Dietary intake vitamin D
|
<400 IU
|
22.96 (6.43)
|
0.13
|
20.87 (5.59)
|
0.14
|
|
>400.1 IU
|
21.27 (5.77)
|
24.90 (6.83)
|
- Notes: †With the exception of gender and dietary vitamin D intake where p-value for difference is reported, in all other cases, p-value for linear trend is reported.
