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Table 2 Differences in mean 25(OH)D by participant characteristics in the two study groups (NWNA and AA) separately

From: Vitamin D levels and status amongst asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents in Cyprus: a comparative cross-sectional study

 

Never Wheezers Never Asthmatics (NWNA)

Active Asthmatics (AA)

n = 671

n = 69

Variable

 

Mean 25(OH)D levels (SD)

p-value †

Mean 25(OH)D levels (SD)

p-value †

Gender

Male

23.87 (6.62)

<0.01

21.70 (5.20)

0.48

Female

22.23 (6.19)

20.71 (5.92)

Season

Autumn

25.86 (6.73)

0.03

26.80 (2.55)

0.49

Winter

22.73 (6.51)

20.91 (5.43)

Spring

22.61 (6.10)

21.01 (5.72)

Sun exposure in Summer

<1 hour

22.05 (6.05)

0.25

16.33 (6.23)

0.09

1-2 hours

22.58 (7.13)

21.08 (8.45)

2-3 hours

22.57 (6.25)

19.78 (5.97)

3-4 hours

23.07 (5.88)

21.94 (4.47)

>4 hours

23.22 (6.63)

22.00 (5.34)

Sun exposure in Winter

<1 hour

22.16 (6.62)

<0.01

17.63 (6.18)

0.18

1-2 hours

22.31 (6.06)

22.34 (5.100

2-3 hours

23.69 (6.67)

20.01 (5.53)

3-4 hours

23.98 (5.83)

22.68 (6.12)

>4 hours

25.13 (7.52)

22.18 (3.20)

Use of sun protection

Never/rarely

22.75 (6.10)

0.36

20.49 (6.99)

0.94

Occasionally

22.88 (6.88)

22.11 (4.42)

Most of the time

22.16 (5.79)

18.69 (5.14)

Almost always/Always

23.93 (6.54)

21.73 (6.08)

Skin type

Olive

23.42 (8.84)

0.04

23.95 (0.78)

0.01

Olive/Medium

22.48 (6.23)

22.15 (5.00)

Medium/Fair

23.83 (6.59)

18.47 (6.55)

Fair

24.30 (5.37)

16.30 (0)

Exercise level (IPAQ)

Low

22.75 (6.57)

0.40

21.13 (6.14)

0.81

Moderate

22.88 (6.23)

21.06 (5.25)

High

23.47 (6.07)

22.05 (5.27)

Parental education

Elementary

22.68 (7.44)

0.62

22.20 (3.05)

0.87

Secondary

22.99 (6.50)

20.80 (5.38)

Tertiary

22.65 (6.16)

21.48 (6.28)

Smoking status

No

22.86 (6.75)

0.06

21.27 (5.68)

0.69

Yes

24.54 (6.83)

 

20.52 (5.36)

 

Body fat percent

Quartile 1

23.48 (6.30)

0.02

22.23 (5.68)

0.33

Quartile 2

23.42 (7.08)

21.45 (4.66)

Quartile 3

23.07 (5.91)

20.72 96.17)

Quartile 4

21.78 (6.23)

20.38 (6.08)

Dietary intake vitamin D

<400 IU

22.96 (6.43)

0.13

20.87 (5.59)

0.14

>400.1 IU

21.27 (5.77)

24.90 (6.83)

  1. Notes: †With the exception of gender and dietary vitamin D intake where p-value for difference is reported, in all other cases, p-value for linear trend is reported.