| |
Never Wheezers Never Asthmatics (NWNA)
|
Active Asthmatics (AA)
|
p-value
†
|
|---|
|
n = 671
|
n = 69
|
|---|
|
Gender: Male
|
42.8%
|
43.5%
|
0.91
|
|
Season of assessments
|
|
Autumn
|
11.3%
|
2.9%
|
0.00
|
|
Winter
|
50.1%
|
31.9%
|
|
Spring
|
38.6%
|
65.2%
|
|
Parental education level
|
|
None/Primary
|
3.0%
|
7.2%
|
0.14
|
|
Secondary
|
61.9%
|
55.1%
|
|
Tertiary
|
35.2%
|
37.7%
|
|
Sun exposure in the Summer
|
|
< 1 hour/day
|
2.8%
|
4.3%
|
0.22
|
|
1-2 hours/day
|
15.8%
|
7.2%
|
|
2-3 hours/day
|
25.9%
|
23.2%
|
|
3-4 hours/day
|
24.8%
|
24.6%
|
|
>4 hours/day
|
30.6%
|
40.6%
|
|
Sun exposure in the Winter
|
|
< 1 hour/day
|
21.6%
|
15.9%
|
0.55
|
|
1-2 hours/day
|
39.2%
|
39.1%
|
|
2-3 hours/day
|
21.9%
|
20.3%
|
|
3-4 hours/day
|
11.4%
|
17.4%
|
|
>4 hours/day
|
6.0%
|
7.2%
|
|
Sun protection
|
|
Never/Rarely
|
24.7%
|
24.6%
|
0.47
|
|
Occasionally
|
37.2%
|
39.1%
|
|
Most of the times
|
21.5%
|
14.5%
|
|
Always/Almost always
|
16.6%
|
21.7%
|
|
Skin type
|
|
Olive
|
4.0%
|
2.9%
|
0.97
|
|
Olive medium
|
69.5%
|
69.6%
|
|
Medium fair
|
25.0%
|
26.1%
|
|
Fair
|
1.5%
|
1.4%
|
|
Exercise level (IPAQ)
|
|
Low
|
52.9%
|
49.2%
|
0.40
|
|
Moderate
|
34.0%
|
41.5%
|
|
High
|
13.1%
|
9.2%
|
|
Dietary intake vitamin D
|
|
<400 IU
|
93.9%
|
91.2%
|
0.37
|
|
Family history of allergies
|
19.4%
|
49.3%
|
<0.01
|
|
Current smokers
|
9.8%
|
15.9%
|
0.11
|
|
Age– Mean (SD) in years)
|
17.0 (0.61)
|
16.9 (0.57)
|
0.63
|
|
Body fat percent – Mean (SD)
|
22.0 (8.9)
|
21.7(8.6)
|
0.77
|
- †Notes: p-value of t-test in the case of age and body fat percent; otherwise, p-value of chi-square test.
