Skip to main content

Table 5 Prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factors by tribes and sub-tribes

From: Cardio-metabolic health risks in indigenous populations of Southeast Asia and the influence of urbanization

Risk factors

Overall

Tribes and sub-tribes

  

Proto Malay

Senoi

Negrito

  

Seletar

Jakun

Mahmeri

Semai

Jehai

Mendriq

Batek

Obesity (>30 kg/m2)

16.8% ± 3.0%

31.6% ± 5.7%

5.8% ± 5.5%

27.5% ± 13.8

8.8% ± 7.4%

1.90% ± 2.6%

4.5% ± 6.1

0.0% ± 0.0

Abdominal obesity

38.4% ± 3.4%

66.10% ± 5.86%

29.60% ± 10.7%

31.10% ± 13.52%

16.10% ± 9.62%

13.60% ± 9.5%

27.30% ± 13.16%

6.30 ± 6.87

(M: Waist >90 cm

F: Waist >80 cm)

Hypertension ≥140/90 mmHg

29.6% ± 3.6%

29.4% ± 5.6%

14.5% ± 8.2%

35.4% ± 13.5%

12.3% ± 8.5%

43.8% ± 9.29%

16.3% ± 11.0%

51.2% ± 15.3

Reduced HDL-C

45.8% ± 3.9%

24.5% ± 5.3%

72.9% ± 10.4%

42.10% ± 12.82%

33.30% ± 12.23%

63.90% ± 9.56%

72.10% ± 13.41%

77.10% ± 11.89%

(M: < 1.0 mmol/L

F: < 1.3 mmol/L)

Elevated TG

23.9% ± 3.3%

22.5% ± 5.1%

30.0% ± 10.7%

16.1% ± 9.6%

26.3% ± 11.4%

29.9% ± 9.1

27.9% ± 13.4%

12.5% ± 9.4%

(≥1.7 mmol/L)

IFG

7.4% ± 2.4%

9.9% ± 3.7%

1.4% ± 2.8%

3.4% ± 4.8%

7.5% ± 7.1%

N/A

N/A

N/A

(FPG 6.1 mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L)

High HbA1c

8.8 ± 2.2

18.2% ± 4.8%

1.5% ± 2.8%

7.3% ± 8.0%

3.6% ± 4.9%

4.2% ± 4.0%

0.0% ± 0.0

0.0% ± 0.0%

(≥42 mmol/mol [6.0%]) %

Pre-Diabetes

4.2 ± 1.6

9.1% ± 3.6%

1.5% ± 2.9%

0.0

1.8% ± 3.5%

2.1% ± 2.9%

0.0

0.0

(HbA1C 6.0% - 6.4%)

Diabetes Mellitus

4.6 ± 1.6

9.1% ± 3.6%

0.0

7.3% ± 8.0%

1.8% ± 3.5%

2.1% ± 2.9%

0.0

0.0

(HbA1C ≥ 6.5%)

Data expressed as prevalence at 95% confidence intervals

    

Data calculated using IBM Statistics SPSS v21.0.