Skip to main content

Table 4 Association between anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors by tribes and sub-tribes

From: Cardio-metabolic health risks in indigenous populations of Southeast Asia and the influence of urbanization

Risk factors

Overall

Tribes and Sub-tribes

 
  

Proto Malay

Senoi

Negrito

Significance

  

Seletar

Jakun

Mahmeri

Semai

Jehai

Mendriq

Batek

p-value

BMI (kg/m 2 ) %

22.90 (8.50)

27.35 (9.27)

20.10 (7.50)

21.74 (10.00)

22.97 (4.45)

20.50 (3.99)

22.20 (5.50)

19.20 (2.57)

<0.0001

Waist circumference (cm) %

79.0 (22.0)

90.0 (24.0)

69.0 (16.5)

79.0 (19.5)

75.5 (12.3)

71.0 (12.0)

78.0 (11.0)

69.0 (8.4)

<0.0001

Systolic blood pressure (mm HG)

125 (23)

123 (23)

118 (22)

129 (32)

118 (22)

131 (28)

124 (15)

134 (22)

<0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm HG)

81 (15)

81 (15)

75 (13)

83 (28)

70 (15)

85 (18)

79 (15)

85 (16)

<0.0001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.90 (1.76)

5.18 (1.89)

4.66 (1.47)

5.18 (1.31)

5.29 (1.39)

4.74 (1.16)

1.98 (0.00)

1.98 (0.00)

<0.0001

HDL (mmol/L)

1.18 (0.44)

1.36 (0.39)

0.99 (0.36)

1.28 (0.34)

1.16 (0.26)

1.01 (0.32)

0.90 (0.25)

0.95 (0.18)

<0.0001

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.23 (0.77)

1.22 (0.76)

1.35 (0.98)

1.47 (1.03)

1.35 (1.02)

1.22 (0.89)

1.33 (1.07)

1.17 (0.52)

0.779

TG/HDL

1.06 (0.86)

0.929 (0.620)

1.227 (1.060)

1.070 (0.770)

1.120 (0.850)

1.273 (1.040)

1.427 (1.200)

1.249 (0.790)

<0.0001

HbA1c (mmol/mol); (%)

5.2 (0.6) [33 (4)]

5.3 (0.9) [34 (5)]

5.0 (0.4) [31 (2)]

5.2 (0.5) [33 (3)]

5.1 (0.6) [32 (3)]

5.3 (0.5) [34 (3)]

4.9 (0.6) [30 (4)]

5.3 (0.3) [34 (2)]

<0.0001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.08 (1.12)

5.28 (0.82)

4.16 (0.94)

4.90 (1.00)

4.89 (0.85)

5.10 (1.30)§

4.46 (0.87)§

4.97 (1.29)§

<0.0001

HOMA-IR

3.20 (3.80)

3.15 (3.78)

2.40 (3.20)

3.10 (3.50)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.120

  1. §Random plasma glucose.
  2. Data expressed as median (interquartile range) with the exception of HbA1c expressed as Median HbA1c%(IQR) [Median mmol/mol (IQR)].
  3. Data calculated using IBM Statistics SPSS v21.0.