Table 3 Results of linear mixed models to investigate associations between medium-term exposure to indoor and outdoor close-proximity air pollution and peak expiratory flow (n = 1133)

Pollutant

−0.21

(−0.55; 0.13)

0.15

(−0.85; 1.16)

−0.32

(−0.61; −0.03)

−0.04

(−1.25; 1.17)

Sex (male vs girl)

5.73

(0.50; 10.96)

5.59

(0.36; 10.81)

5.75

(0.53; 10.97)

5.57

(0.35; 10.80)

Age

22.17

(18.58; 25.76)

22.03

(18.44; 25.61)

22.01

(18.43; 25.58)

22.04

(18.45; 25.62)

BMI

 High vs Normal

19.13

(12.74; 25.52)

19.01

(12.62; 25.41)

19.03

(12.66; 25.4)

18.97

(12.58; 25.36)

 Low vs Normal

−18.60

(−28.58; −8.63)

−18.33

(−28.30; −8.36)

−18.78

(−28.74; −8.82)

−18.29

(−28.26; −8.32)

Premature birth (Yes vs No)

−5.32

(−11.19; 0.55)

−5.22

(−11.09; 0.65)

−5.35

(−11.21; 0.52)

−5.23

(−11.10; 0.64)

Rainy season (Yes vs No)

0.14

(−8.41; 8.70)

−0.85

(−10.23; 8.53)

1.64

(−6.24; 9.53)

−0.25

(−9.42; 8.92)

Outside temperature (unit: °C)

1.82

(−0.05; 3.68)

2.10

(0.28; 3.92)

1.85

(0.09; 3.61)

2.10

(0.29; 3.92)

Relative humidity (unit: %)

0.27

(−0.08; 0.61)

0.26

(−0.12; 0.65)

0.19

(−0.15; 0.54)

0.29

(−0.08; 0.67)

Atopy (Yes vs No)

7.53

(1.44; 13.62)

7.50

(1.41; 13.60)

7.42

(1.33; 13.50)

7.52

(1.42; 13.61)

Asthma (Yes vs No)

−9.62

(−16.85; −2.39)

−9.60

(−16.83; −2.37)

−9.55

(−16.77; −2.33)

−9.63

(−16.86; −2.40)

Pointoise agglomeration (Yes vs No)

7.82

(−3.00; 18.64)

4.89

(−7.99; 17.76)

7.59

(−1.87; 17.06)

6.17

(−6.29; 18.62)

Variability of school random intercept: \( {\widehat{\upsigma}}_{\upgamma 0}^2 \) (P value)