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Table 3 Tuberculosis risk factors and selected tuberculosis disease presentation

From: Tuberculosis risk factors among tuberculosis patients in Kampala, Uganda: implications for tuberculosis control

Independent variables

Smear positive

PR (SE), p value

Abnormal chest x-ray

PR (SE), p value

Chronic cough

PR (SE), p value

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Poverty

      

Yes

17 (53.1)

1.10 (0.21)

12 (37.5)

1.07 (0.28)

15 (46.9)

0.81 (0.16

No

61 (48.4)

0.625

44 (34.9)

0.783

73 (57.9)

0.296

Overcrowding

      

Yes

80 (57.6)

1.22 (0.15)

54 (38.9)

1.04 (0.17)

80 (57.6)

1.09 (0.12)

No

57 (47.1)

0.097

45 (37.2)

0.784

64 (52.9)

0.453

Smoking

      

Yes

45 (58.4)

1.16 (0.14)

27 (35.1)

0.89 (0.16)

40 (52.0)

0.92 (0.12)

No

92 (50.6)

0.230

72 (39.6)

0.503

103 (56.6)

0.501

Alcohol use

      

Yes

77 (55.8)

1.13 (0.14)

50 (36.2)

0.90 (0.14)

78 (56.5)

1.04 (0.12)

No

60 (49.2)

0.290

49 (40.2)

0.514

66 (54.1)

0.695

HIV infection

      

Positive

128 (52.9)

1.1 (0.26)

90 (37.2)

0.74 (0.19)

137 (56.6)

1.46 (0.44)

Negative

9 (50.0)

0.817

9 (50.0)

0.237

7 (38.9)

0.212

  1. PR = Prevalence Ratio, SE = Standard Error.